Columns

Pixabay photo

By Daniel Dunaief

Benjamin Luft. Photo courtesy of SBU

They bother us, particularly in the summer, but they don’t need us.

The 23 species of Borrelia bacteria, which cause Lyme disease, have been around for millions of years, dating back to when the continents were all linked together like pieces of a puzzle in Pangea. The bacteria likely infected early mammals in those days.

In a recent paper in the journal mBIO, researchers from over 12 institutions put together the genetic sequence of these bacteria, which include 47 strains.

The scope of the work “was enormous and we were lucky” to have so many dedicated investigators, said Ben Luft, Edmund D. Pellegrino Professor of Medicine at the Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, including lead senior author Weigang Qiu, Professor of Biology at Hunter College of the City University of New York.

The work, which took about a decade to complete, could provide a valuable resource to researchers and doctors today and in the future. The genetic information could lead to advances in diagnostics, treatment and prevention of Lyme disease.

Scientist could use the database to compare the genomes of different species and variations that cause different symptoms to help diagnose the likely severity of an infection as well as to search for specific pathways that lead to the virulence of an infection.

Some infections can lead to fever, headaches, fatigue and a skin rash. Starting with the bite of an intermediate host such as a tick, these infections, when left untreated, can lead to problems in the joints, heart, and nervous system.

The number of new cases of Lyme disease each year has been climbing, reaching close to 500,000 per year in the United States.

Researchers added that creating a genetic catalog of the different bacterial species can also help current and future scientists and doctors manage new threats from strains of bacteria that move into new areas amid climate change.

These species haven’t interacted with each other in the past, but climate change may create opportunities for bacteria to create recombinant genes, presenting new threats to human health.

“You may start seeing things that you didn’t see before,” said Luft. “We don’t know what’s going to happen” amid climate change. “There might be new forms” of Lyme disease.

The challenge with Lyme is not necessarily what happens in 2024, but how it might change in 20 years, when organisms develop a new pathogenicity.

Lyme on four continents

An international team of researchers sequenced the genomes of many species of Borrelia, the cause of Lyme disease. By comparing these genomes, the researchers reconstructed the evolutionary history of Lyme disease bacteria. The map shows many of the global regions where the team sequenced a species. Borrelia burgdorferi, the most common cause of disease, is indicated in red. Other species are indicated by different colors. Image created by Saymon Akther

In addition to generating a database of the Lyme disease bacterial genome, the researchers wanted to develop an understanding of its phylogenetic history.

“The goal really was to show how genetically diverse Borelia is throughout the world,” said Luft.

The researchers gathered genetic data from this bacteria, which was sampled in Europe, Asia, and North and South America.

By collecting the genetic information in each of these locations, the scientists were able to recreate the history of a bacteria that’s lasted considerably longer than many other organisms that have since become extinct.

“The genetic make up (genes and plasmids) hasn’t changed very much since the last common ancestor on Pangea (otherwise we would see different sets of genes and plasmids from different continents),” explained Qiu.

An extensive collaboration

Qiu and Luft were grateful for all the work scientists around the world did to contribute to this study.

On Long Island, Lyme disease is transmitted mainly by the bite of an infected deer tick, also is known as the black-legged tick.

The team of Claire Fraser and Emmanuel Mongodin at the University of Maryland School of Medicine and Richard G. Morgan of New England Biolabs helped use next generation sequencing to determine the bacterial genome.

Indeed, Fraser was the first to map the complete genetic code of a free-living organisms. She worked with the Haemophilus influenza, which causes respiratory infections and meningitis in infants and young children, according to the University of Maryland School of Medicine.

Qiu, who earned his Phd from Stony Brook in 1999, suggested that the effort required regular, ongoing work. He supervised Dr. Saymon Akther for her thesis work, which was the basis of the paper. He also performed additional evolutionary analysis.

“For the past two years, we have been having weekly meetings on zoom,” said Qiu. “It’s a big relief” that the researchers published the study and shared the information with the scientific community.

Qiu credited Luft with being a consistent coordinator of the sequencing effort and diversity study for over 20 years.

The next steps

At this point, Luft and his colleagues are eager to share the information with the broader scientific community.

The researchers hope experts in artificial intelligence, bioinformatics and computer programming can use the data to understand more about the genome and develop potential therapeutic targets.

Luft is eager to see “how smart people take advantage of a decade’s worth of work that has been very carefully done, to move it all forward,” he said. “We have certain ideas that we are doing” to fill in the gaps.

Qiu has some existing grants he’s using to work on diagnostics and vaccine development.

Qiu, along with chemistry-department colleague Brian Zeglis, and Lyme diagnostic/ vaccine researcher Maria Gomes-Solecki, has a joint NIH/ NIAID grant to develop a novel PET-based technology to detect Lyme pathogens in vivo. They have also proposed a new Lyme vaccine design strategy.

Additional sequencing of the variable plasmid, which is not a part of the chromosomal DNA but can replicate independently, would continue to help determine what genetic codes contribute to the level of virulence for each strain or species.

“That’s like the last mile for the communication network,” said Qiu. The challenges include annotating the genomes, providing comparative analysis and using informatics development to share the genome variability with the research community.

File photo by Raymond Janis

Disingenuous projection

Jim Soviero’s letter “Local Dems put politics first” (TBR News Media, Aug. 15), accusing Democratic politicians of avoiding “substantive talk of policy,” is a classic example of disingenuous projection.

Projection because it is Republicans who are avoiding discussion of their policy plans, from a national abortion ban to mass deportations. The Republican Party didn’t even bother to draft a new platform in 2020, instead officially endorsing whatever then-President Donald Trump [R] advocated on any given day.

The current Republican platform is a vague, self-contradictory manifesto — long on rhetoric but very short on specific policy prescriptions. And Republican politicians can’t distance themselves

quickly enough from Project 2025, the very specific federal overhaul playbook that will be implemented if Trump wins. Local U.S. Rep. Nick LaLota [R-NY1] claims to oppose a federal abortion ban, while having voted for multiple federal anti-abortion laws.

All this is unsurprising, given that Republican policy positions are incredibly unpopular. Significant majorities of Americans support reproductive rights, worker and union protections, stricter gun laws, marriage equality and higher taxes on corporations and the very wealthy. All are signature Democratic positions.

The Democratic Party, like all other mainstream political parties around the world, has a detailed written platform with numerous specific policy positions. For example, it supports a $15 per hour federal minimum wage, a 25% billionaire minimum tax rate and expanded Medicare drug negotiation authority, which has already resulted in a $35 per month cap on insulin and asthma inhalers. Mr. Soviero can consult that platform whenever he wants to understand what Democrats, both local and national, propose.

Most importantly, his accusation is disingenuous because this election is clearly not about specific policies. It is about fundamental questions of what government is for and what you think “The United States” should mean. Do you want a white, male, straight, single-party, Christian nationalist state run by a personality cult for the benefit of billionaires? Or do you want a secular, multiethnic, pluralist democracy under the rule of law?

There’s little point in debating detailed policies until we resolve that.

John Hover

East Setauket

Stony Brook’s flood fallout

The massive flooding and damage to Stony Brook village following the torrential rainfall of Aug. 18-19 is already well documented [“Storm ravages the North Shore,” TBR News Media, Aug. 22]. Now comes the process of rebuilding the dam and the washed-out segment of Harbor Road. Just hours after the catastrophe, officials from numerous were predicting “years” of reconstruction. The EPA, Army Corps of Engineers and a host of other agencies (i.e., red-tape), weighed in on the complexities of remediating the situation. Few could have predicted the 9-plus inches of rainfall within just a few hours, but after inspecting the wreckage at Harbor Road, it appears to have been just a matter of time.

Like the rickety Sheep Pasture Road bridge over the LIRR tracks in Port Jefferson, the dam at Stony Brook is a 19th-century design, and the opportunity for an updated/robust structure to replace the wreckage is now. 

After surveying the scene on Aug. 21, it appears the destroyed section of Harbor Road sat atop an “earthen” dam, wooden pilings and an ancient sluice-gate system to manage the flow of water. Yes, there will be time needed for design and engineering plans, and hopefully the new structure will incorporate reinforced concrete and steel, rather than dirt. That said, we’re not talking Baltimore Harbor Bridge here but only perhaps 100 feet of roadway and its underpinnings. 

The environmental crisis is here and now, not in the rebuild process. Maximum six to seven months to rebuild the structure and full restoration of the lake, a bit longer. Oh wait, I forgot something: this is New York State I’m talking about. U.S. Sen. Chuck Schumer [D-NY] stopped by the scene the other day … but Gov. Kathy Hochul [D]: “Hello, hello, where are you?”

Michael Meltzer

Old Field

Editor’s note: Gov. Hochul met with state and local elected officials Aug. 27 to tour the Mill Pond as well as Stony Brook University to assess storm damage.

Misguided optimism: A reality check on Smithtown’s storm damage

Supervisor Ed Wehrheim’s [R] statement that Smithtown was “fortunate” compared to surrounding areas, as reported in the news item “Storm ravages the North Shore” [TBR News Media, Aug. 22],” is highly misleading to say the least. Smithtown was inundated by the same 9 inches of rain as surrounding towns, and suffered similar damage.

Most notable were the devastation at Stump Pond — the centerpiece of Blydenburgh Park — and extensive damage to the main building of Smithtown Library.

The concrete dam at the west end of Stump Pond, long home to a variety of wildlife, was wrecked by the torrential downpour, causing the pond to empty out, much like what happened to Stony Brook Mill Pond. Hundreds of thousands of gallons of water came rushing out, flowing toward the Nissequogue River, flooding Paul T. Given Town Park, severely damaging nearby homes and flooding streets. All that’s left now is a pit of mud and tree stumps that haven’t seen the light of day for 226 years, since the pond was first formed by clearing forest and building a dam. 

As for the library’s main Smithtown building, the entire basement floor was flooded from floor to ceiling. The Long Island History Room located there was badly damaged, particularly its priceless and irreplaceable collection of original materials dating as far back as the 1600s, including the original patent of Richard Smith. It was the most significant collection of historical archives on all of Long Island. In addition over 20,000 audiovisual materials were destroyed, as well as books, computers, wiring, shelving and other hardware. Now would be a good time to donate to the library or join the Friends of the Smithtown Library.

This is to say nothing of the many homes that suffered devastating damage and the streets that were flooded, including Main Street, and the 4 feet of water that flooded Smithtown Town Hall.

Instead of issuing a self-congratulatory statement after the storm, dubiously claiming that due to “proactive measures” and “recent upgrades” Smithtown was better off than neighboring towns, it would have been far better had town Supervisor Wehrheim acknowledged that, like them, it suffered painful and devastating losses. Unlike Supervisor Wehrheim, Suffolk County Executive Ed Romaine [R] gets it. He termed the losses “catastrophic.” “I don’t think we’re going to have to wait another hundred years for another storm like this,” he said. “It tells you the impact that climate change is having on our weather.”

David Friedman

St. James

Photo courtesy of the Suffolk County Vanderbilt Museum

FOR THE LOVE OF A GOOD BOOK

Long Island LitFest presented an evening with Jodi Picoult at the Suffolk County Vanderbilt Museum in Centerport on Aug. 20. The sold-out event, which was moderated by Broadway star Arielle Jacobs, drew hundreds of excited fans to the courtyard at the Eagle’s Nest mansion to hear the bestselling author talk about her latest book, By Any Other Name. Between the autographed books and photos with Picoult, everyone left with a smile. Pictured above, author Jodi Picoult (left) and moderator Arielle Jacobs with fans. 

Photo by Ben Hartschuh, GH Prime Media

Send your Photo of the Week to [email protected]

METRO photo

By Daniel Dunaief

Daniel Dunaief

I’m a good person. Really, I am.

What’s my proof? I don’t drink single use plastic bottles, which are bad for the environment. 

I love the environment. I’m going to go hug a tree. Not that one, because it’s kind of prickly and it makes my skin itch. Not that one either, because it’s too wide and my arms are too short. The one over there doesn’t work either, because it’s too far in the woods and I might get poison ivy.

You know what? I’m not going to hug a tree literally, but I’m going to do it figuratively.

Wait, what’s that you’re holding? It’s a picture of me drinking out of a single use water bottle? That must have been taken a long time ago.

No? You have a date on it and it says it was taken in the last few months. Oh, well, I was helping someone and she needed a drink and I didn’t want her to feel like she was drinking alone, but it certainly wasn’t alcohol and I didn’t swallow the water because it was too hot.

You want to know who I was helping? That’s none of your business. Also, I don’t want anyone else to have to answer these kinds of questions, so to protect her privacy, I’m not going to tell you.

I don’t care whether you believe me. Okay, well, maybe I care a little. You’re right, you’re right, I wasn’t helping anyone, but that picture of me holding a water bottle? That’s not actually me. That’s someone else and I have 10 people who can confirm that I wasn’t drinking that water on that day, even though I don’t know what day it was and that shirt looks like one of the ones I wear all the time.

Other people have that kind of shirt, too. Yeah, I know it might be unlikely that someone would have the exact same soy sauce stain in the same place, but it’s still possible. 

So, you get my point, right, about being a good person. Maybe the water bottle wasn’t a great example, but I used to coach sports and I won a bunch of championships.

I know I said that the championships weren’t about me and I didn’t win anything. But that was then. Today? I’m taking a little credit.

What did I do? Well, I gave my players advice. Yes, I know some of them ignored me, while others got their own coaches and played well despite my advice.

Still, I won those championships. Well, I mean, I didn’t do it alone, but I was the leader and you can be sure that the team wouldn’t have won without me.

How can you be sure? Well, for starters, you can’t not be sure, and that should be good enough.

So, we agree, right? I’m a good person. No? What’s it going to take?

Oh, you want me to hold the door open for you? Yeah, I would but the air conditioning might get out. You see? I don’t want to waste energy. Oh, I know it’s not a waste of energy for me to help, but I don’t want to waste the energy it would take to cool the hot air I’m letting in. That’s even better than that bottle example.

So, to conclude, I’m a good person because I’m sure, deep down inside, beneath all the complicated layers that undoubtedly make me interesting mostly to myself, I care about things, people and stuff.

Sure, I might not do as much about as I could or should and yes, I have done the opposite of what that good deepness might suggest, but I know I’m a good person and I never lie.

Except that one. That was a lie, but that’s the lie that proves the truth. Right? No, I’m not running for office. Lots of other people would do a better job or even an adequate job, which would also be better. I’m just letting you and everyone else know that, basically, and with no hidden agenda beyond, maybe hoping for a few giggles, that I am a pretty good person who might one day, turn out to be slightly better than I am now.

After all, I’m just a man, standing in front of a crowd, asking them not to dismiss him totally. Is that too much to ask from someone whose goodness may, one day, surprise us all and come out?

A construction worker assesses the damage of Harbor Road, just above the emptied Stony Brook Mill Pond. Photo by Toni-Elena Gallo

By Kurt Johnsen

To say the least, it was a gut punch when I heard and saw the footage that Harbor Road and the dam at the Mill Pond in Stony Brook was breached by the “thousand-year” rain. The water cascaded into the creek with its fish, turtles and plethora of biodiversity. Most of it settled into the harbor. In a flash, a diamond of my childhood was swept away with it.

In 1965, when I was 5 years old, I got my first Mill Pond Fishing Club badge and enjoyed my first opening day of trout season. It was a cold April morning when my father and I chose our place on the shore. I followed his instructions and put the worm on the hook. I cast out my bobber and bait. I know I cast because we had practiced in our backyard. After a while my bobber started to jiggle. Then it dipped below the surface of the water — I reeled in my first trout. The sky opened, and God spoke: “You are a fisherman.”

Next, we went to the Stony Brook Yacht Club. The adults served ham and eggs on hard rolls. Then it was time for the momentous occasion: the fishing contest. The first announcement was the winner of the junior category. I won! At all future family gatherings from that day forward, including one last week, I repeat the words my 5-year-old self said that day: “They put me up on a table and they all said “’ratulations.” I won a fishing pole and a tackle box, but the memory was worth far more than these prizes.

For the next couple of years, my father and big brother took me fishing at the pond frequently. The prelude to fishing started the night before. I was taught how to catch “night crawlers.” These meaty worms are perfectly named. They burrow out of the soil at night to garner more oxygen. Catching them is an art. The light from the flashlight does not bother them, but with any perceived motion they disappear back into the soil. I had to be slow, quiet and swift to grab them. The grass below our large cherry tree was the hotspot. We picked nice healthy fistfuls of large worms and put them into an old tobacco can, where they spent the night in the fridge.

Although it seems incomprehensible in 2024, in those days the pond was pristine. Brook trout spawned in the small creek near the upper pond. My big brother showed me that if I slowly and carefully walked on the small bridge next to where the cup where the spring water comes out of a tap, I could see them. Brook trout require cold, clean, brilliant water. Those were the days.

By the time I was 9 or 10, I could go down to the pond by myself. I remember one opening day when I walked to the dairy barn, down the woody path, over the railroad tracks, down Blydenburgh Lane, across Main Street to the sidewalk in front of the lumberyard and over to the pond. I parked myself at “my” tree, a red maple (it survived!), and my cast had to go right under a certain branch that draped low to the water. I swear the trout loved that place. I counted down, “5-4-3-2-1: 6:00,” and it was time to cast. Fish, breakfast, contest and, if need be, back to the pond to get my limit of three.

Even now, when I arise on a serene morning laced with dew, and the sparrows are singing hushed but bright melodies, I am transported back to those days. It’s magical.

At some point, I was given a bright red badge that simply said “Warden.” My job was to report anyone that was fishing at the pond that wasn’t a member. The gig was to go to the village office to the right of the post office and report the infringement to a nice man named Mr. Murphy. He would then go down to the crime scene, perform a thorough investigation and, if there was sufficient evidence, lay down the law and tell them to leave. It happened once. I was a Trout Narc.

With the summer heat, the trout would stop biting. We fished for small, inbred, stunted bass as well as sunfish. And we snuck onto the trail to the woody back of the pond adjacent to the upper pond. There were large oaks that had fallen into the pond but still lay across it. We would climb out to the end of them and try to fish. We mostly lost our hooks.

Speaking of the upper pond, it was loaded with huge trout. We were not permitted to fish in it but, of course, we did. When we were about 10 years old, my friend Eddie and I fished the pond. I caught a very big trout and hooked it on a stringer. An old lady who lived across the street — a legend in her own time — came rushing up to us maniacally screaming that we couldn’t fish there.

She took my trout and threw it out into the pond and then harrumphed away. I was not happy. I was taking off my shoes and shirt and ready to swim out to get it. Then, I swear, a guy backed up an old woody station wagon to the pond. He opened the back hatch, pulled out a piece of plywood to make a ramp and slid a giant snapping turtle into the pond — remember that we were 10. At that point, I was damn well not going to swim out to get my trout!

The dog days of summer meant carp fishing. In the evenings, my friends and I would fish near the end of the pond left of the big buckeye tree and right of the point across from the island. I could see the shadows of the giant carp come lumbering in, and if I was lucky I got one. I was only lucky a couple of times. Deemed a danger to the trout population, we threw these carp down the ramp that led out of the dam and into the creek. We were proud to be good citizens and help our invaluable trout population. Plus, it was fun. Everything was fun at the Mill Pond.

As you might guess by now, although I lived in Stony Brook surrounded by salt water, I was a freshwater fisherman. I still am. If you were around in the late 1960s and early ’70s and were driving on Stony Brook Road or Route 25A, you likely saw a boy riding his bike holding a fishing pole and a stringer of fish in his hand. That boy was me.

The Mill Pond Fishing Club sponsored me to go to the New York State Department of Environment Conservation Camp DeBruce in Sullivan County in the Catskills. We campers got fly-fishing lessons, learned to identify trees, learned how to conduct fish surveys in a stream and more. At that point I knew I wanted to work in fisheries or forestry. 

I am now a forest scientist. I was 15 in my last year in the club. On my final opening day, I won first place again. Bookends. I think it was that year they stocked a “breeder.” It was a brown trout with a hooked jaw that weighed 6 pounds. It was immediately proclaimed “the big trout.” I caught it. I still have all my badges from my years in the fishing club in my treasure chest.

When I turned 17, I became an Eagle Scout. For my Eagle project I led a group of boys in making wood duck houses. Wood ducks are small, fast-flying, colorful ducks that nest in tree cavities. They became threatened in the early 20th century. I hoped I could attract them to the pond. The group constructed three houses in my father’s wood shop. And then a few of us, led by an adult, paddled to the island with a ladder and we hung three boxes on trees that were meant to act as cavities. I never observed any wood ducks at the pond, but you never know. I was so proud of those houses.

My wife and I are fanatical Beatles fans. When I heard and saw how the Mill Pond was destroyed, I felt the same emotion that I felt when I heard John Lennon was murdered, a horrific memory etched in my psyche. People have told me those two events are not comparable, but for me there was Sgt. Pepper and the Mill Pond. What can I say?

I do think the pond will live and thrive again. It isn’t just a matter of making a new dam and letting the pond fill again. It’s not a fishbowl. It was and will be an intricate ecosystem, and it will take time to recover. Hard decisions will have to be made. What species of fish will be stocked? Just trout? Bass? Even carp? We’ll see.

The new dam will have to be skillfully engineered and built. The old Harbor Road was just a thin slice of hardtop sitting on top of sand. The new road needs to be reinforced to withstand the raging storms that will haunt us as climate change continues to uproot our lives.

However, the barren Mill Pond presents an opportunity for important archaeological explorations. With its cold, pure, fresh water, the small creek flowing out of the deep springs must have been an important feature of native tribes’ lives. An abundance of precious relics certainly reposes under the centuries of sediment deposited since the first Grist Mill was built in 1699. Clearly, the ancestors of the indigenous Setalcott Indian Nation should be the first to provide input on how to proceed.

This may seem an odd way to end my essay, but there is an elephant in the room: the white ducks! Had you visited the Mill Pond even the week before last, you would have witnessed a horde of people throwing handful after handful of white bread into rafts of white ducks. Make no mistake, these creatures are not native to the pond. They can’t fly, are prodigious breeders and are permanent inhabitants. Those cute little chicks given to kids for Easter grow fast, and where do they end up? The Mill Pond. 

The bread that is fed to them is foul (pardon the pun) and provides no nutrition. If you could even see the water through the flock, you would not see past the dissolved bread and duck waste that denudes the water, the essence of life. This practice needs to be discouraged. Education is the key. There is a predominant sign at the entrance to the park informing the public about the harm that feeding bread to ducks may cause. Let’s hope people pay more attention to that sign to remind them that they are privileged to enjoy a rare ecosystem in Stony Brook, New York.

I can’t wait to visit the restored Mill Pond, the gem of my childhood.

Author Kurt Johnsen is a resident of Asheville, North Carolina.

A Column Promoting a More Earth-Friendly Lifestyle

By John L. Turner

John Turner

If you search “wildlife entanglement — six-pack rings” and then choose images you’ll see many animals that have become entangled in those blasted plastic rings — sea turtles, waterfowl, seagulls, and many other species, sometimes with fatal consequences. 

While it’s worth buying beverage packs that are packaged without rings whenever possible, and more and more companies are making other types of attachments that don’t pose the problems that the six-pack rings pose (there’s even one company that makes rings edible to marine life), if you find that your desired beverage pack comes connected with the six-pack rings it’s easy to ensure they don’t ever become a menace once you’ve tossed the rings in the trash. Simply take ten seconds to cut each of the rings! 

To reduce the chance at making smaller plastic pieces that could become a problem, cut each ring just once. Also be sure to cut the smaller middle holes once as they could cause entanglement too. The key is to have no holes that could become a problem to a wild animal.

A resident of Setauket, author John L. Turner is conservation chair of the Four Harbors Audubon Society, author of “Exploring the Other Island: A Seasonal Nature Guide to Long Island” and president of Alula Birding & Natural History Tours.

 

Peanut Butter Bars

By Heidi Sutton

After a long day of navigating new territory, make your child’s first day of school extra special with a special dessert.

Peanut Butter Bars

Recipe courtesy of Taste of Home

Peanut Butter Bars

YIELD: Makes 3 dozen

INGREDIENTS: 

1 3⁄4 cups reduced-fat creamy peanut butter, divided

1⁄3 cup butter, softened

1 cup packed brown sugar

3⁄4 cup sugar

2 eggs

1⁄2 cup unsweetened applesauce

1 teaspoon vanilla extract

2 cups all-purpose flour

2 cups quick-cooking oats

1 teaspoon baking soda

Frosting

4 1⁄2 cups confectioners’ sugar

1⁄3 cup fat-free milk

1⁄4 cup baking cocoa

1⁄4 cup butter, softened

1 teaspoon vanilla extract

1⁄2 teaspoon salt

DIRECTIONS:

In a large bowl, cream 1 cup peanut butter, butter, brown sugar, and sugar until light and fluffy. Add eggs, one at a time, beating well after each addition. Beat in the applesauce and vanilla. Combine the flour, oats and baking soda; gradually add to the creamed mixture and mix well (batter will be thick.)

Spread into a 15 x 10 x1-inch baking pan coated with cooking spray. Bake at 350 for 18 to 22 minutes, or until lightly browned. Cool on a wire rack for 10 minutes; spread with the remaining peanut butter. Cool to room temperature, then refrigerate for 30 minutes.

In a large bowl, beat frosting ingredients until light and fluffy. Spread over the peanut butter layer. Cut into bars.

Peanut Butter and Jelly Cookies

Recipe courtesy of Costco

Peanut Butter and Jelly Cookies

YIELD: Makes 5 dozen

INGREDIENTS: 

1 cup sugar, plus extra for coating dough

1 cup firmly packed light brown sugar

1 cup Crisco Butter Flavor Shortening or butter

1 cup peanut butter

2 large eggs

1⁄4 cup milk

2 teaspoons vanilla extract

3 1⁄2 cups all purpose Flour

2 teaspoons baking soda

1 teaspoon salt

3⁄4 cup strawberry Jelly, or any jam, jelly or preserves

DIRECTIONS:

Preheat the oven to 375 F. In a large mixing bowl, combine sugar, brown sugar, shortening, and peanut butter. Beat with an electric mixer until creamy. Beat in eggs, milk and vanilla. 

In a separate bowl, stir together flour, baking soda and salt. Add to the peanut butter mixture and beat until blended. Shape the dough into 1-inch balls. Roll in sugar. Place balls 2 inches apart on an ungreased cookie sheet. 

Bake for 7 minutes. Remove from the oven. Using the back of a teaspoon, make a rounded indentation in the top of each cookie. Fill each with about 1⁄2 teaspoon jelly. Bake an additional 2 minutes. Remove to a wire rack to cool.

Stock photo
Dietary changes can have a dramatic effect

By David Dunaief, M.D.

Dr. David Dunaief

When we say we “have hemorrhoids,” what we really mean is that our hemorrhoids are irritating and painful. Hemorrhoids are vascular structures that help control our stool, and they can become inflamed.

This type of hemorrhoid pain is very common. Both men and women experience it, although women have a higher propensity during pregnancy and childbirth.

When our hemorrhoids are irritated, we may experience itchy and painful symptoms, making it hard to concentrate and uncomfortable to sit. This is because the veins in your rectum are swollen. They can also bleed, especially during a bowel movement, which can be scary. Fortunately, they don’t portend more serious diseases.

There are two types of hemorrhoids: external, occurring outside the anus; and internal, occurring within the rectum.

Treating external hemorrhoids

Fortunately, external hemorrhoids tend to be mild and can be treated with over-the-counter options. These analgesic creams or suppositories contain hydrocortisone. Another treatment option is a sitz bath.

For a more complete solution, the most effective way to reduce hemorrhoid bleeding and pain is to increase your fiber intake (1). 

If you have rectal bleeding and either have a high risk for colorectal cancer or are over the age of 50, you should consult your physician to confirm it is not due to a malignancy or other cause, such as inflammatory bowel disease.

Treating internal hemorrhoids

Internal hemorrhoids are a bit more complicated. The primary symptom is bleeding with bowel movement. Because the hemorrhoids are usually above the point of sensation in the colon, called the dentate line, there is rarely pain. If there is pain and discomfort, it’s often because the internal hemorrhoids have prolapsed, or fallen out of place, due to weakening of the muscles and ligaments in the colon. This allows them to fall below the dentate line.

The first step for treating internal hemorrhoids is the same as for external hemorrhoids: add fiber through diet and supplementation. Study after study shows significant benefit. For instance, in a meta-analysis, fiber reduced the occurrence of bleeding by 53 percent (2). In another study, after two weeks of fiber and another two-week follow-up, daily incidence of bleeding decreased dramatically (3).

What are the treatments for persistent hemorrhoid pain?

There are several minimally invasive options to address persistent and painful hemorrhoids, including banding, sclerotherapy and coagulation. The most effective of these is banding, with an approximate 80 percent success rate (4). This is usually an office-based procedure where rubber bands are placed at the neck of each hemorrhoid to cut off the blood flow. To avoid complications from constipation, patients should also take fiber supplementation.

Side-effects of the procedure are usually mild, and there is very low risk of infection. However, severe pain may occur if misapplication occurs with the band below the dentate line. If this procedure fails, hemorrhoidectomy (surgery) would be the next option.

What can help prevent hemorrhoid problems?

Sitting on the toilet for a long time puts a lot of pressure on the veins in the rectum, which can increase your risk of inflammation. As soon as you have finished moving your bowels, it is important to get off the toilet.

Soften the stool and prevent constipation by drinking plenty of fluids. Exercise also helps. You should not hold in a bowel movement; go when you have the urge to keep the stool from becoming hard, which can lead to straining and more time on the toilet.

Consuming more fiber helps create bulk for your bowel movements, reducing constipation, diarrhea and undue straining.

How much fiber should I consume?

Americans, on average, consume about 16g per day of fiber (5). This is well below the U.S.D.A.’s recommendation: 14 grams of fiber for every 1,000 calories we consume (6). The difference between guidelines and actual consumption has prompted the medical community to express concern about the “fiber gap.”

Fiber underconsumption has greater implications than just hemorrhoids. It contributes to weight control issues, increased insulin sensitivity and chronic inflammation, among others (7). Fiber’s benefits are so great that I recommend many patients target 40 grams a day.

You may want to increase your fiber consumption gradually to minimize the potential for gas and bloating during the first week or two. It will take your system a bit of time to adjust.

I typically recommend making diet adjustments before trying supplementation. Fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, beans and legumes all have significant amounts of fiber. Grains, beans and nuts have among the highest levels. For instance, one cup of black beans contains 12g of fiber.

References:

(1) Dis Colon Rectum. Jul-Aug 1982;25(5):454-6. (2) Cochrane.org. (3) Hepatogastroenterology 1996;43(12):1504-7. (4) Dis Colon Rectum 2004 Aug;47(8):1364-70. (5) usda.gov. (6) Am J Lifestyle Med. 2017 Jan-Feb; 11(1): 80–85. (7) Nutrients. 2020 Oct; 12(10): 3209.

Dr. David Dunaief is a speaker, author and local lifestyle medicine physician focusing on the integration of medicine, nutrition, fitness and stress management. For further information, visit www.medicalcompassmd.com or consult your personal physician.

Pink lights shine bright on Theatre Three's marquis at last year's event. Photo by Heidi Sutton

This past Monday’s storm decimated chunks of Suffolk’s North Shore. From Stony Brook, to Rocky Point, and so many towns in between, roads have collapsed, trees have fallen and homes have become boats in the street.

TBR offers our heartfelt sympathies to any person affected by this storm, in any way, and wishes to give you a beautiful example of the type of visceral human kindness that often pops up when tragedy strikes — but is never short of poignant.

Theatre Three, a beloved staple of the Port Jefferson community, was devastatingly hit by this storm that, seemingly, came out of nowhere. It was, bizarrely, not even connected to Hurricane Ernesto, which made its way along the coast.

Vivian Koutrakos, managing director of Theatre Three, said that throughout her 45-year tenure with the playhouse, she has witnessed it struck by 10 severe floods, with the worst having been in the past 10 years.

Due to this alarming trend, the basement, which has been frequently flooded, has “flood protocol” in place, like a raised washer and dryer, and items of that nature.

Well after Monday, that was all for nothing.

Chairs and tables literally floated away, and tools, machinery and cherished costumes from the playhouse’s production of “A Christmas Carol,” were drowned.

The situation looked bleak. When speaking to Koutrakos, she half-heartedly joked that she always says “she doesn’t have another flood in her.” But, with the unwavering support of empathetic neighbors, it certainly makes the load easier to bear.

In just 48 hours, locals teamed up and raised $20,000 and counting. Volunteers, actors and just concerned people, who’d heard of the theatre’s dire state, showed up with mops, and just started cleaning. And, one woman — in a display of utter compassion — who works in Queens and lives in Huntington, took the LIRR train to offer any help she could provide. Koutrakos had never seen her before.

So, while the tragic nature of this storm may leave you feeling down, disheartened and disappointed, remember the example of these local, good Samaritans, who decided to turn their heartache into a helping hand.

In the words of patriot Patrick Henry, “United we stand, divided we fall.” Remember, together we can overcome anything and everything. And the show must go on.

Ozzy, Opie and Ollie

Welcome to the 32nd edition of Paw Prints, a monthly column for animal lovers dedicated to helping shelter pets find their furever home.

 

Ozzy, Opie and Ollie

Meet Ozzy, Opie and Ollie

These adorable triplets, barely over a month old, were found living under someone’s backyard deck with their feral mother. The mom was trapped, spayed and released. The three boys were caught and are now safe at the Grateful Paw Cat Shelter, 3 Verleye Ave., East Northport.

All three babies have tested negative for FELV and FIV, tested negative for parasites, have been wormed and received their first set of vaccines. They will receive the next set in three weeks.

They will be available at the rescue’s Kitten Adoption Event on Thursday, Aug. 29 from 6 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. at the shelter. 631-757-451

Carolina

Meet Carolina

Introducing Carolina — your energetic and enchanting companion!

Are you ready to meet your new best friend? Look no further than Carolina, the stunning 1-year-old black lab mix at Brookhaven Animal Shelter who’s bursting with personality and potential!

Carolina is the perfect blend of sweet and sassy, with a heart as big as her boundless energy. From the moment you meet her, you’ll be captivated by her charm and charisma. This playful pup adores toys of all kinds and could spend hours happily engaged in play. Whether it’s a game of fetch or a squeaky toy to chew on, Carolina is always up for fun and games.

Carolina is seeking a home with adults and no other pets at this time, where she can be the center of attention and receive the focused training she needs. If you’re looking for a devoted companion with endless love to give, Carolina is the perfect match for you.

Don’t miss out on the opportunity to welcome Carolina into your life and watch her blossom into the princess she was always meant to be. 631-451-6955

Birdie

Meet Birdie

Up for adoption at the Smithtown Animal Shelter, Little Birdie is a pint-sized, female, bully mix, estimated to be approximately four years old. Birdie’s magnificent red coat with white chest make her nearly the doppelgänger to the 80s movie star Hooch, (Turner And Hooch) if she wasn’t such a teeny, tiny little thing!!

Sweet and innocent little birdie girl was abandoned at a local park. Her loyalty and intelligence were instantly evident to Shelter staff when she was found frightened, confused, and hesitant to leave the spot where she was dumped. It appeared as if she was desperately waiting for her human to come back for her.

When Birdie arrived at the shelter, she was shy and unsure. However, the team showered her with attention and tons of TLC. Birdie quickly revealed what an affectionate and fun loving pup she really is. With a gentle approach, some patience, and a handful of treats, Birdie will quickly give her most loyal friendship to all who make her acquaintance.

She is young, beautiful, healthy, and has an unlimited supply of love to share. Birdie deserves a chance to find her happy ever after where she will never be abandoned again.

Birdie’s energy makes her a perfect fit for a home where she is an only pet and with older kids, preferably over the age of fourteen. Call 631-360-7575 to set up a meet and greet.

Gloria

Meet Gloria

A ten year old Chihuahua mix at Little Shelter in Huntington, this Gloria-ous little gal is just what the doctor ordered! With an age defying attitude and spirit, she’s active, social, and up-to-date on all the current gossip ( just ask staffer Liz!). She loves being outdoors, enjoys walking, and will remind you to use sunscreen while occupying only a small corner of your beach towel. Making friends easily, she has both an open mind and heart, allowing her to be the perfect companion and sidekick for all your plans. Gloria would fit seamlessly into any family, so don’t miss the opportunity to make it yours….stop by Little Shelter today! 631-368-8770, ext. 21

SUMMER LOVIN’

Looking for a new furry friend to brighten up your summer? Town of Brookhaven Animal Shelter, 300 Horseblock Road, Brookhaven offers $67 adoption fees for dogs and $65 adoption fees for cats through Aug. 31. Whether you’re searching for a playful pup, dog, cuddly kitten or cat, this is the perfect time to find your summer love. 631-451-6950

Rescue is a lifestyle. Adopt, don’t shop.

Check out the next Paw Prints in the issue of September 19.

Paw Prints is generously sponsored by Mark T. Freeley, Esq