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Stony Brook University

JoAnne Hewett. Twitter photo

By Daniel Dunaief

Daniel Dunaief

Finally!

Brookhaven National Laboratory has had nine lab directors since it was founded in 1946. Earlier this week, the Department of Energy facility, which has produced seven Nobel Prizes, has state-of-the-art facilities, and employs over 2,800 scientists and technicians from around the world announced that it hired JoAnne Hewett as its first female lab director.

Successful, determined, dedicated and award-winning local female scientists lauded the hire of Hewett, who comes to BNL from SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory where she was associate lab director for fundamental physics and chief research officer. SLAC is operated by Stanford University in Menlo Park, California. In email responses, local female scientists suggested that Hewett’s hiring can and would inspire women in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) fields.

“I am so delighted by the news that Dr. JoAnne Hewett has been named to be the next director of Brookhaven National Laboratory,” wrote Esther Takeuchi, William and Jane Knapp chair in Energy and the Environment and SUNY distinguished professor at Stony Brook University and chair of the Interdisciplinary Science Department at BNL. As the first female director for the lab, Hewett “is an inspiration not only for the women who are in the field, but for future female scientists who will witness first hand that success at the highest level.”

Stella Tsirka, SUNY distinguished professor in the Department of Pharmacological Sciences at the Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, suggested this hire was a part of an increasing number of women in prominent positions in science at local institutions.

Stony Brook and BNL are “becoming a hub of strong female role models for younger females, in STEM, in medicine, in leadership!” Tsirka wrote. “Between [SB President] Maurie McInnis, Hewett, Ivet Bahar (the director of the Laufer Center), Anissa Abi-Dargham [principal investigator for the Long Island Network for Clinical and Translational Science] and many other successful female faculty in leadership positions, hopefully, the message comes out loud and clear to our young women who are in science already, or aspire to be in science.”

For her part, Abi-Dargham, who is chair in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, described Hewett’s hire as “amazing” and suggested it was “really exciting to see an accomplished female scientist selected to head our collaborating institution at BNL!”

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Professor and Cancer Center Program co-leader Mikala Egeblad added that the significance of Hewett’s hire goes “well beyond inspiring young girls. It is important to have women leaders for all sciences, also for someone at my career stage. I hope that one day, we will get to a point when we don’t think about whether a leader is a woman or a man.”

Women remain underrepresented at top leadership positions, so Egeblad finds it “very inspiring to see a woman recognized for her leadership skills and selected” to head BNL.

Leemor Joshua-Tor, professor and HHMI investigator at CSHL, called the hire “really great news” and indicated this was “especially true for the physical sciences, where there are even fewer women in senior positions than in biology.” Joshua-Tor added that the more women in senior, visible positions, “the more young women and girls see this as a normal career to have.”

Alea Mills, professor and Cancer Center member at CSHL, wrote that it is “fantastic that BNL has found the very best scientist to lead them into their next new mission of success. And it’s an extra bonus that this top scientist happens to be a woman!”

Mills added that efforts to enhance diversity are fashionable currently, but all too often fall short. Hiring Hewett makes “real traction that will undoubtedly inspire future generations of young women in STEM.”

Patricia Wright, distinguished service professor at Stony Brook in the Department of Anthropology, wrote that it was “inspiring” to see a female director of BNL and that “young female scientists can aspire to being in that role some day.”

Andrew Solar-Greco addresses the crowd at the March 29 rally. Photo by Leah Chiappino

By Leah Chiappino

Unions at Stony Brook University gathered on campus Wednesday, March 29, with an estimated 300 or so protesters in a rally for fair parking regarding proposed changes to the school’s parking policy, which include increased monitoring and fees. The university said it is an attempt to cover a deficit, along with “existing repairs, maintenance and capital expenses.” 

The new plan would transition into a paid tiered system for both faculty and students. Essentially, the closer the spot to campus buildings, the higher the fee. In addition, students and faculty would share the same lots. 

Under the proposed rate pricing plan, according to a statement released by Andrew Solar-Greco, president of United University Professions Stony Brook Chapter, monthly parking fees on campus would be divided into tiers, ranging from $50 in the “premium” level; $40 for core parking; $25 for perimeter parking; $10 for satellite parking; and $25 for residential staff. 

“We have proposed implementing a campuswide, fully paid parking model in the fall of 2023,” SBU officials said in a statement. “Our existing model is insufficient to fund routine maintenance or customer service improvements. Our proposed tiered model and payment for parking will be either by permit or via a daily parking rate. These proposed changes will align us with our university peers. Details are currently being reviewed with campus stakeholders.”

SBU officials confirmed the proposed pricing is a tiered model ranging from $10-$50 per month. The university said 66% of all employees with parking permits are paying for parking, and rates have stayed stagnant for 30 years. 

Ted Vazquez, a field representative for NYS Public Employees Federation, said the proposal would create a culture that is “tantamount to a caste system.”

“That shouldn’t be,” he said. “The previous practices have always been your seniority. If a parking space becomes available, and you’ve seniority, you get it.”

The PEF apart, other unions participating in the protest were the United University Professions, Civil Service Employees Association, Stony Brook Grad Student Employees Union, Stony Brook Research Assistants Union, Local 1102 (Food Service Workers), Police Benevolent Association of New York State (University Police) and New York State Correctional Officers & PBA. According to Solar-Greco, “We were also joined by Laborers Local 66 and other unions affiliated with the LI Federation of Labor, which had leadership present as well.”

 “We have requested that management halt any continued work on this plan, and bargain in good faith with all unions,” Solar-Greco said in a statement. “We vehemently reject the notion that UUP members must be responsible for funding routine maintenance and parking services for the campus community. This is management’s responsibility, period.”

Amy Pacholk, a nurse and council leader of Public Employees Federation, said several of her medical personnel members have considered going to the cheapest lot in protest, but have reconsidered given the need to be able to enter the building quickly when patients have emergencies.

“We respond to emergencies,” she said. “A lot of my people are, like, ‘We have to respond.’ If your system fails to account for that, you really didn’t think about what you did — you just rolled out a system that you thought was effective for students. You didn’t realize that we’re medical professionals. We have a responsibility.”

In addition, Pacholk said, several medical staff have been working extra shifts, as long as 16 hours a day, to compensate for the rising cost of living on Long Island. For them, she said, the new system would not be sustainable financially. 

Parking deficit

Amanda Basinger, an SBU student, who spoke at the protest, criticized the administration for creating a deficit in the first place, and then increasing prices for students and staff.

“How much does an undergraduate student make a year?” she said. “How much does a graduate student make a year? How much does a custodial worker, a maintenance worker and cafeteria workers make here? They can’t afford that. And it is so annoying and so privileged that the administration sits in their cushy buildings, demanding we pay for their mistakes and we pay for their deficit.” 

University officials did not provide a specific figure when asked about the deficit and its origins. However, they did note in an email that $11 million is the anticipated deficit by fiscal year 2026-27 with no changes to the current model.

The plan would also combine commuting faculty and students into the same lots, chosen by tier, and have separate areas for residential parking. Parking within the tiered lots, would be first come, first serve. Faculty and staff already paying for parking will be given first choice on the lot they choose. After those spots are assigned, preference will be given in order of hire date. Commuter students will be selecting parking on a first-come, first-serve basis. Enforcement hours would be expanded for all lots from 7 a.m. to 4 p.m. to 7 a.m. to 7 p.m.

Bureaucratically, the enforcement, permitting and customer service responsibilities would be transferred from the University Police Department and Student Financial Services to Mobility & Parking Services, which would also handle parking for the hospital.

The university said they plan to implement a variety of technological and systemic upgrades, including mobile payments, which can be charged back to departments; updated meters, which allow rates to be altered for events and holidays; and event parking, allowing departments to be charged for visitors who would not need a permit. Finally, the university would provide real-time data to users, who could see where parking is available, by fall 2024.

Solar-Greco said the proposed changes were presented to union leaders in a meeting Feb. 10, and then sent in campuswide emails a few hours later, without consulting with the unions or allowing them to contribute. The university referred to this meeting as an “informational session.”

“We recognize that the proposed changes will have an impact on our community,” the university’s email read. “However, the reality is that our current parking model is insufficient to fund routine maintenance or customer service improvements for our parking operations. Stony Brook’s parking services are self-funded, meaning that tuition, student transportation fees and SUNY funding are not allocated to support these operations.”

Pursuant to the collective bargaining agreement between the UUP and management, the proposal is subject to negotiation. Greco said the negotiations have yet to begin. The university confirmed the discussions will start in the coming weeks but have not commenced. 

The next Rally for Fair Parking!! is due to be held Wednesday, April 12, 11.30 a.m. to 1 p.m., at the Main Hospital Garage.

Photo from Stony Brook Athletics

The Stony Brook women’s lacrosse team (6-2, 2-0 CAA) featured nine different goal scorers en route to the dominant 17-5 victory over Elon (4-7, 0-2 CAA) on March 25.

Junior midfielder Ellie Masera paced the Seawolves’ offense with six goals. Senior attackers Kailyn Hart and Morgan Mitchell followed behind Masera recoding a hattrick and a pair of goals, respectively.

Stony Brook wasted no time attacking the cage as graduate attacker Jolie Creo struck first for the squad within the first minute of the contest. One minute later, Masera found the back of the net twice for back-to-back goals off assists from Hart and Mitchell which gave the Seawolves an early 3-0 lead.

The first quarter belonged to the team from Long Island as the squad saw four more goals from senior midfielder Charlotte Verhulst (1), Hart (2) and Mitchell (1) to increase their lead to 7-0 heading into the quarter break.

Just like the first, the second quarter was dominated by the hot-scoring Seawolves offense.  Masera recorded her third goal on the day for her seventh hattrick of the season off an assist from Creo with 13:43 left to play in the second quarter. Stony Brook held a 12-0 lead, its largest lead of the day, until Elon’s Anna Hackett found the back of the net for the Phoenix’s first goal of the game.

The Seawolves went on to add four more goals in the second half to ultimately runway with the 17-5 win and secure their second conference win.

“The team stepped up and played inspired. It’s always good to get up early and we were very happy with the way our entire roster played. It started with the draw, that was the difference today,” said head coach Joe Spallina. 

The team returns home to Kenneth P. LaValle stadium to host the Drexel Dragons on April 2 at 1 p.m. The game will be broadcast live on FloLive.

Photo from Stony Brook Athletics

PHILADELPHIA, Pa. – The Stony Brook softball team (10-14, 2-6 CAA) swept the Drexel Dragons (5-15, 2-3 CAA) on March 26 to secure its first CAA wins in program history. The Seawolves shutout the Dragons 4-0 in game one and the squad’s hot hitting powered them to a 9-4 victory in game two.

The Seawolves were led by an outstanding performance from senior pitcher Ashton Melaas who tossed a complete game shutout. The 7.0 inning shutout marked the second outing this season and third in her career that the senior has tossed a complete game shutout.

Stony Brook’s offense was paced by freshman infielder Naiah Ackerman and junior infielder Ashley Jacobson. Ackerman smashed her first career home run to give the squad a 3-0 lead in the top of the fourth. Jacobson went 3-3 at the plate with a solo home run which gave the Seawolves a 4-0 lead in the top of the sixth.

The bats were on fire for the Seawolves in game two. The squad’s hot hitting propelled them to a 9-4 victory over Drexel. Sophomore outfielder Alyssa Costello led the offensive attack with a two RBI double and a three RBI home run, totaling five RBI on the day.

Junior utility Catherine Anne Kupinski got Stony Brook on the board first with a solo homer in the top of the second. Ackerman followed behind Kupinski and added to her standout performance with a RBI single to give the Seawolves an early 2-0 lead. Costello brough in five more runs and Sanzone plated Jacobson to help the squad run away with the 9-4 win.
GAME 1: STONY BROOK – 4, DREXEL – 0

  • Melaas went the distance to toss a complete game shutout, marking her second of the season and third in her career. The senior recorded five punchouts and only allowed five hits.
  • Ackerman went 2-3 at the plate and got the Seawolves on the board first with a three-run home run in the top of the fourth. The home run marked the freshman’s first career homer.
  • Jacobson hit a perfect 3-3 at the dish including a solo home run to give Stony Brook a 4-0 lead at the top of the sixth inning. The outing marked the junior’s second perfect appearance at the plate this season (3-3 vs. Loyola Chicago on Feb. 12) and fifth in her career.
  • Junior outfielder Julianna Sanzone registered a hit and a run scored in the contest.

GAME 2: STONY BROOK – 9, DREXEL – 4

  • Costello went 2-4 and led the offensive attack with a two RBI double and a three RBI home run, totaling five RBI on the day. The sophomore also added a run scored.
  • Kupinski also went 2-4 at the plate with two RBI and three runs scored, including a solo homer in the second inning to get Stony Brook on the board first. The solo home run marked the junior’s fourth homer of the season.
  • Ackerman followed behind Kupinski and added to her standout performance with a RBI single to give the Seawolves an early 2-0 lead in the second.
  • Sanzone tallied her second RBI on the day with a SAC fly in the fifth to bring home Jacobson and give Stony Brook a 6-0 lead.
  • Junior outfielder Alicia Orosco went 2-4 at the dish with a run scored while senior catcher Corinne Badger went 1-4 and also added a run scored.
  • Jacobson added a hit and two runs scored in the second contest.

“We came out today with a great mindset and approach, and wanted to be strong in all three facets of our game. Ashton and Mia were tough in the circle, we had offensive contributions from so many hitters and for most of the afternoon played outstanding defense, coming up with big plays. We competed at a high level and came away with two important conference wins,” said head coach Megan T. Bryant.

NEXT UP
The Seawolves return home to University Field to host Seton Hall for a mid-week matchup on Wednesday, March 29. First pitch is set for 3 p.m.

#12 Evan Giordano takes to the plate during Sunday's game. Photo from Stony Brook Athletics

The Stony Brook baseball team (6-11, 1-2 CAA) earned their first-ever Colonial Athletic Association victory  as the Seawolves defeated the College of Charleston Cougars (13-6, 4-2 CAA) 15-11 on March 19 at The Ballpark at Patriots Point in Charleston, S.C.

The Seawolves would fall behind to a 1-0 deficit in the first inning, but then the Stony Brook offense would send 10 batters to the plate in the top of the second inning, tallying seven singles in the inning and exploding for six runs to take an early 6-1 lead.

Junior Matt Brown-Eiring led the second inning off with the first of his two hits this afternoon, followed by a knock from junior Ryan Micheli to get two runners on base with no outs. 

After a ground-out by Stony Brook, the squad would produce five RBI singles in a row to give themselves the lead. Sophomore Anthony Gentile, senior Derek Yalon, junior Evan Fox, sophomore Matt Miceli, and graduate Evan Giordano all tallied RBI base-hits in a row. 

Stony Brook sent out graduate Nick DeGennaro to make his third start of the season. The right-hander kept the Cougars offense at ease, as he allowed three earned runs and struck out two batters over his 3.0 innings on the hill. Senior Brandon Lashley entered the game for DeGennaro in the fourth inning and allowed just two earned runs over his 4.0 innings out of relief. 

With the Cougar offense starting to awaken, the Seawolves offense rose to occasion by scoring two runs in fourth, one run in the sixth, and erupted for four runs in the seventh inning. In the fourth, Fox led the frame off by doubling and then scored following senior Shane Paradine driving in the leadoff hitter on a double. Paradine didn’t wait long before Micheli drove him in on a single up the middle, giving Stony Brook an 8-3 lead. 

Then, after an RBI knock by Paulsen in the sixth inning to put Stony Brook ahead 9-4, the squad would score four runs in the next frame. This time, it was the middle of the order doing the damage as Giordano drove in Fox on a triple to right field, and Paradine drove in Giordano by lasering a ball up the middle. A few batters later, Paulsen would cap the inning off by launching a two-RBI double to give Stony Brook a 13-4 advantage. 

But, the Cougars didn’t go away without a fight, as Charleston scored a combined seven runs in the seventh and eighth inning to cut the deficit to two runs. The Seawolves would answer right back as Paulsen and Yalon each had RBI knocks to give Stony Brook two insurance runs and the 15-11 lead. 

Freshman Eddie Smink closed the door on the Cougars after striking out the final two batters of the game to secure the 15-11 victory. 

The team returns to Long Island on Tuesday, March 21, to take on LIU at 3 p.m. in Brooklyn.

A scene from last Saturday's Snowflake Classic. Photo from Stony Brook Athletics

The Stony Brook track and field team opened its spring season at home with the Stony Brook Snowflake Classic on March 18.

The men’s team secured seven first-place finishes. Graduate Miles Ryan paced the Seawolves on the track with two first-place finishes. Ryan earned a first-place finish in the 110 meter hurdles and the 400 meter hurdles with final times of 15.15 and 57.99, respectively.

Junior Gavin Da Vanzo led the way for Stony Brook in the field events. Da Vanzo took home the victory in the high jump with a final mark of 1.55m and earned a second-place finish in the long jump with a final mark of 6.60m.

HIGHLIGHTS

  • Junior Alex Kanes earned a first-place finish in the long jump with a final mark of 6.75m. Kanes also secured a third-place finish in the 100 meter dash with a final time of 11.63.
  • Junior Aleks Zdravkovic crossed the line in 49.69 to earn the first-place finish in the 400 meter.
  • Freshman Michael Hawkes clocked in at 4:12.04 which was good for a second-place finish in the 1500 meter.
  • Sophomore Steven Struk took home the victory in the 3000 meter with a final time of 8:38.45. Freshman John Fontanez finished directly behind Struk in second with a final time of 8:45.11.
  • Sophomore Seth Hilario earned a new personal best and a second-place finish in the 110 meter hurdles with a final time of 15.59.
  • Sophomore Darnell Paul secured a first-place finish in the shot put with a final mark of 13.41m.
A scene from last Saturday’s Snowflake Classic. Photo from Stony Brook Athletics

The women’s team secured eight first-place finishes. Graduate Dana Cerbone paced the Seawolves with two first place finishes. Cerbone earned a first-place finish in the 200 meter dash with a final time of 25.24 and in the 400 meter dash with a final time of 57.86. The graduate also secured a new personal best in the 400 meter.

Junior Danella Dawkins crossed the line in 14.58 to earn a first-place finish and a new personal best in the 100 meter hurdles and a top five finish in the 200 meter dash.

HIGHLIGHTS

  • Junior Jaelyn Davis earned a first place finish in the 100 meter dash with a final time of 12.45. Graduate Akajia Atkins finished behind Davis in second with a final time of 12.56.
  • Aristea Franks rounded out the podium for the Seawolves in the 200 meter with a final time of 25.53. Enyero Omokeni, Dawkins, Atkins, and Davis all finished within the top seven in the event.
  • Omokeni recorded a second-place finish in the 400 meter with a final time of 58.00. Sophomore Jada Hodge rounded out the top three with a final time of 58.01. Freshman Samantha St. Juste and Aristea Franks completed the top five for Stony Brook.
  • Graduate Tara Hauff clocked in at 2:18.35 in the 800 meter to take home the victory. Junior Rebecca Clackett finished behind Hauff in third with a final time of 2:25.95.
  • Junior Nicole Garcia led the way for the Seawolves in the 1500 meter earning a first-place finish with a final time of 4:44.20.
  • Graduate Siara Guevara crossed the line in 1:04.79 to secure the win in the 400 meter hurdles.
  • Junior Alexandria Earle took home the victory in the high jump with a final mark of 1.55m. Sophomore Brienna Ahmetaj finished directly behind Earle in second with a final mark of 1.50m.

The teams are back in action March 23-25 when the squad competes at the Raleigh Relays in Raleigh, N.C. and at the Monmouth Spring Opener in West Long Branch, N.J.

Photo from SBU

Stony Brook University was recently named a 2022 Tree Campus Higher Education Institution for the tenth consecutive year. Tree Campus Higher Education, the national program launched in 2008 by the Arbor Day Foundation, honors colleges and universities, and their leaders, for promoting healthy trees and engaging students and staff in the spirit of conservation.

Alaina Claeson, Horticulturist/Landscape Coordinator at Stony Brook University said, “This tremendous distinction would not be possible without the support of our Campus Operations & Maintenance team that is committed to creating and maintaining green spaces across our campuses. Over the last ten years, our outdoor spaces have dramatically transformed and evolved as the University continues to take strides towards sustainability and renewability.”

To obtain this distinction, Stony Brook University met the five core standards for effective campus forest management, including:

  • establishing a tree advisory committee

  • creating a campus tree care plan

  • dedicating annual expenditures for that campus tree program

  • observing Arbor Day

  • sponsoring student service-learning projects

Over the last ten years, the University has planted just over 1,200 trees and engaged with hundreds of students who have helped plant and maintain our landscapes across campus during numerous University events.

Please find more of Stony Brook University’s efforts to preserve green spaces on campus on the Sustainability website.

#3 Shauna Nuss recorded the only RBI of the game on Friday. Photo from Stony Brook Athletics

The Stony Brook softball team (6-8, 0-1 CAA) fell to Elon University (7-14, 1-0 CAA), 6-2, in its first-ever CAA contest on March 10 at Hunt Softball Park in Elon, N.C.

The Phoenix got off to an early lead, scoring two runs in the first inning courtesy of a two-run home run by Elon’s Claudia Penny. The Seawolves cut their deficit to 2-1 in the top of the third when senior outfielder Shauna Nuss stole home.

STATS: 

Nuss went 2-3 at the plate and recorded the only RBI of the contest. The senior singled to left field to bring home junior outfielder Julianna Sanzone.

Junior infielders Kyra McFarland and Brooke Dye, junior outfielder Alicia Orosco and freshman infielder Naiah Ackerman all recorded a hit in the game.

Sophomore pitcher Maddie Male got the start in the circle, she tossed 2.2 innings before senior Ashton Melaas took over.

Stony Brook would not be able to keep up as the Phoenix would go on to plate four more runs in the bottom of the third off back-to-back hits and ultimately seal the 6-2 victory.

The team heads to Fairfield, C.T. on March 16 to take on Sacred Heart University at 2 p.m. and 4 p.m. The games will be broadcast live on FloSoftball.

A rendering of the sauropod known as Mamenchisaurus sinocanadorum, which had a 15-meter-long neck, about 10 feet longer than a typical school bus. Credit: Júlia d'Oliveira

NEWS FROM STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY:

With their long necks and formidable bodies, sauropod dinosaurs have captured people’s imaginations since the first relatively complete sauropod fossils were discovered in the United States in the late 1800s. Now an international team led by Stony Brook University paleontologist Andrew J. Moore, PhD, has revealed that a Late Jurassic Chinese sauropod known as Mamenchisaurus sinocanadorum sported a 15-meter-long neck. The new analysis of this dinosaur, published in the Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, provides fresh insights on the evolution of the iconic sauropod body.

For sauropods, the long neck was the anatomical key to achieving large body size. To power such a large body, sauropods had to be efficient at gathering foodstuffs, and that’s what a long neck was built for. A sauropod could plant itself in one spot and hoover up surrounding vegetation, conserving energy while taking in tons of food. Having a long neck probably also allowed enormous sauropods to shed excess body heat by increasing their surface area, much like the ears of elephants. This way of life – long neck-fueled, quadrupedal gigantism – is not one that is available to mammals or any other form of life today. The sauropod lifestyle was exceptionally successful: their lineage appeared early in dinosaur evolutionary history and persisted until the final days of the Mesozoic, when an asteroid wiped out all dinosaurs (except birds).

Mamenchisaurus sinocanadorum was discovered in approximately 162-million-year-old rocks from the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of northwest China in 1987 by the China–Canada Dinosaur Project team, for which it was named in 1993. At approximately 15.1 meters, its neck was more than six times longer than the necks of giraffes, the longest-necked animals alive today, and about 10 feet longer than a typical school bus.

The question of which sauropod had the longest neck is not straightforward. Because of their size, the largest sauropods tend to be some of the most poorly known: it’s very hard to bury such a large animal in sediment and thus safeguard it for fossilization.  Some fragmentary fossils suggest that other sauropod lineages independently evolved necks over 10 meters (32.8 feet) in length. However, poor preservation of these specimens and their closest relatives makes estimates of their neck length speculative.

According to Moore, Assistant Professor in the Department of Anatomical Sciences in the Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, although Mamenchisaurus sinocanadorum is known only from a handful of bones from the neck and skull, the research team was able to reconstruct its evolutionary relationships and thus make comparisons to the unusually complete skeletons of its closest relatives. This allowed them to conclude that Mamenchisaurus sinocanadorum had a neck approximately 15.1 meters (49.5 feet) long, the longest neck that can be confidently inferred for any known sauropod.

Their research stems from on-going work to comprehensively document the anatomical diversity and evolutionary history of the family Mamenchisauridae, a radiation of particularly long-necked sauropod dinosaurs that roamed East Asia and possibly other parts of the world from the Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous (approximately ­174–114 million years ago).

“All sauropods were big, but jaw-droppingly long necks didn’t evolve just once,” says Moore. “Mamenchisaurids are important because they pushed the limits on how long a neck can be, and were the first lineage of sauropods to do so. With a 15-meter-long neck, it looks like Mamenchisaurus sinocanadorum might be a record-holder — at least until something longer is discovered.”

How sauropods managed to evolve such long necks and hulking bodies without collapsing under their own weight remains something of a biomechanical puzzle. Remarkable specimens like Mamenchisaurus sinocanadorum provide some clues. For example, like their living cousins, birds, most sauropods had air-filled bones, which would have lightened their skeletons by removing heavy marrow and bone tissue.

Using computed-tomography (CT) scanning, Moore and colleagues found that the vertebrae of Mamenchisaurus sinocanadorum were mostly air (about 69–77% of their volume) – comparable to the lightly built skeletons of storks and other birds.

However, such featherweight skeletons would also be more prone to injury. To combat this, Mamenchisaurus sinocanadorum had 4-meter-long rod-like cervical ribs, bony extensions of the vertebrae that created overlapping bundles of rods on either side of the neck. These bundles would have stiffened the neck of Mamenchisaurus sinocanadorum, increasing its stability and making it possible to build such a lightweight neck.

“Biomechanical studies of the mamenchisaurid neck suggest that it was elevated at only a relatively shallow angle above the horizontal (20-30°). However, even at this relatively shallow angle, the extreme length of the neck would still mean that the animal’s head could reach heights of around 7.5 to 10 m above ground level, facilitating feeding on tree foliage,” says co-author Paul Upchurch, PhD, a Professor of Palaeobiology from the University College London.

“Mamenchisaurus sinocanadorum underscores how much we can learn about sauropod evolution even from very incomplete specimens,” adds co-author Ye Yong, director of the Research Center of Jurassic Stratigraphy and Paleontology at the Zigong Dinosaur Museum in China’s Sichuan Province.

The research was funded by numerous organizations including the United States National Science Foundation, The Royal Society of London, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China.

Victoria Greening at the Grotte Mandrin site in France. Photo by Svenya Drees

By Daniel Dunaief

Last summer, the Anthropology Department at Stony Brook University brought 13 students to the south of France to help gather information from a rich archaeological site called the Grotte Mandrin.

Asa Wong-Gómez at the Grotte Mandrin site in France. Photo by Nicholas Gonzalez

The trip with the Field School through SBU Study Abroad enabled the students to work in the field and gather information from a site that has provided a treasure trove of information about Neanderthals and Homo sapiens from 54,000 years ago.

The students found the trip successful, inspirational and, at times, exhausting.

“I did archeology all summer,” said Asa Wong-Gómez, a senior anthropology major at Stony Brook, who spent time in Kenya before joining the team in France. “It was really cool.”

Wong-Gómez recalled the thrill of finding teeth and stones in the dirt. “The first day, everyone’s first find was super exciting,” he said.

The field expedition, which was the first Stony Brook ran at this site, enabled students to forge connections with each other and with the site’s leaders, including Stony Brook Lecturer Jason Lewis, Ludovic Slimak, cultural anthropologist at the University of Toulouse-Jean Jaurès, and Laure Metz, an archaeologist at Aix-Marseille University.

Victoria Greening at the Zooarcheological Training and Research Laboratory. Photo by Nicholas Gonzalez

“Working with everyone so closely for that month definitely builds really strong connections that have lasted since,” said Victoria Greening, who graduated from Stony Brook in the winter and is planning to start a Master’s program in the fall at the University of Oxford.

She appreciated the opportunity to be a part of new discoveries.

“Working with something that’s not in the written records and discovering it yourself was a privileged feeling,” said Greening, who grew up in Yaphank.

A happy grown up

Echoing Gollum from the “Lord of the Rings” series, Slimak would look at something a student found and say, “my precious, this goes in a special bag,” Wong-Gómez recalled.

Slimak reflected the joy he took in discovering compelling finds. “It was amusing, watching a grown adult be so happy,” Wong-Gomez said.

Eva Marsh, who is a senior at Stony Brook in the anthropology department, appreciated the excitement of finding flint. A couple of students, she recalled, also found teeth, including a horse’s tooth. The group discovered a massive core, from which early Homo sapiens would chip off pieces to construct arrows they would shoot from a bow to bring down buffalo or horses.

On the first night gathering at their summer accommodations, Marsh said the group looked up at a star-filled sky.

“There was not a lot of pollution there” or other lights, which was “really amazing,” Marsh said.

Marsh was nervous on her first day, as she didn’t know what to expect. The team played games for the first few nights and discussed why they all signed up for the field experience. Each night at dinner, they discussed the events of the day, Marsh recalled.

Svenya Drees at the Grotte Mandrin site. Photo by Victoria Greening

For Svenya Drees, who grew up in Port Jefferson and is a Master’s Student in Lewis’s lab, the experience was familiar, as she had conducted field work during the summer of 2021. “I knew what to expect,” she said. Still, she found the discovery of pebbles from a distant river intriguing.

“There’s this whole mystery at the site about pebbles that made it into the assemblage,” Drees said. “These rocks were brought there from the local river. I thought that was pretty awesome.”

The theory about the pebbles is that Neanderthals or Homo sapiens, who had lived in the cave at different times, deployed the pebbles to help remove flakes from the rock cores these ancient ancestors used to create weapons.

Some challenges

While the students enjoyed the experience, with many of them planning to continue in their anthropological studies, the summer included some challenges.

The students stayed in a house at the top of a hill. At the same time, the cave was also on a hill. Each morning, they walked down the hill to a car that drove them to the bottom of the Grotte Mandrin site, where they walked about 15 minutes up to the field station. At the end of the day, they had to climb back up to their temporary home.

“After digging holes all day, walking up the hill was not my favorite part,” Wong-Gómez said. Greening suggested that future participants in the program, which will also run this summer, bring sturdy shoes.

The students also sometimes carried heavy containers filled with sand. The physical challenges notwithstanding, most of the students eagerly anticipate future such explorations.

“It’s definitely the right field for me,” said Greening. “Working at Mandrin solidified that for me.”

Wong-Gómez hopes to continue his field work at the University of Florida. The university has accepted him as a PhD student, although he is awaiting word on whether he gets funding.

“When I got the email that I was accepted, it didn’t feel real,” Wong-Gómez said. “I really want to do this.”