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It's best to not eat right before bedtime and to avoid 'midnight snacks.' METRO photo
Salt use increases risk 70 percent

By David Dunaief, M.D.

Dr. David Dunaief

While occasional heartburn and regurgitation are common after a large meal, for some, this reflux results in more serious disease. Let’s look at the differences and treatments.

Reflux typically results in symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation, with stomach contents going backward up the esophagus. For some reason, the lower esophageal sphincter, the valve between the stomach and esophagus, inappropriately relaxes. No one is quite sure why it happens with some people and not others. Of course, a portion of reflux is physiologic (normal functioning), especially after a meal (1). As such, it typically doesn’t require medical treatment.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), on the other hand, differs in that it’s long-lasting and more serious, affecting as much as 28 percent of the U.S. population (2). This is one reason pharmaceutical firms give it so much attention, lining our drug store shelves with over-the-counter and prescription solutions.

GERD risk factors are diverse. They range from lifestyle — obesity, smoking cigarettes and diet — to medications, like calcium channel blockers and antihistamines. Other medical conditions, like hiatal hernia and pregnancy, also contribute (3). Dietary triggers include spicy, salty, or fried foods, peppermint, and chocolate.

Smoking and salt increase risk

One study showed that both smoking and salt consumption added to the risk of GERD significantly (4). Risk increased 70 percent in people who smoked. Surprisingly, people who used table salt regularly saw the same increased risk as seen with smokers.

Medication options

The most common and effective medications for the treatment of GERD are H2 receptor blockers (e.g., Zantac and Tagamet), which partially block acid production, and proton pump inhibitors (e.g., Nexium and Prevacid), which almost completely block acid production (5). Both classes of medicines have two levels: over-the-counter and prescription strength. Here, I will focus on proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), for which more than 90 million prescriptions are written every year in the U.S. (6).

The most frequently prescribed PPIs include Prilosec (omeprazole) and Protonix (pantoprazole). They have demonstrated efficacy for short-term use in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori-induced (bacteria overgrowth in the gut) peptic ulcers, GERD symptoms and complication prevention and gastric ulcer prophylaxis associated with NSAID use (aspirin, ibuprofen, etc.) as well as upper gastrointestinal bleeds.

However, they are often used long-term as maintenance therapy for GERD. PPIs used to be considered to have mild side effects. Unfortunately, evidence is showing that this may not be true. Most of the data in the package inserts is based on short-term studies lasting weeks, not years. The landmark study supporting long-term use approval was only one year, not 10 years. However, maintenance therapy usually continues over many years.

Side effects that have occurred after years of use are increased risk of bone fractures and calcium malabsorption; Clostridium difficile, a bacterial infection in the intestines; potential vitamin B12 deficiencies; and weight gain (7).

PPI risks

The FDA warned that patients who use PPIs may be at increased risk of a bacterial infection called C. difficile. This is a serious infection that occurs in the intestines and requires treatment with antibiotics. Unfortunately, it only responds to a few antibiotics and that number is dwindling. In the FDA’s meta-analysis, 23 of 28 studies showed increased risk of infection. Patients need to contact their physicians if they develop diarrhea when taking PPIs and the diarrhea doesn’t improve (8).

Suppressing hydrochloric acid produced in the stomach over long periods of time may result in malabsorption issues. In a study where PPIs were associated with B12 malabsorption, it usually took at least three years’ duration to cause this effect. B12 was not absorbed properly from food, but the PPIs did not affect B12 levels from supplementation (9). Therefore, if you are taking a PPI chronically, it is worth getting your B12 and methylmalonic acid (a metabolite of B12) levels checked and discussing supplementation with your physician for a deficiency.

Fiber and exercise

A number of modifications can improve GERD, such as raising the head of the bed about six inches, not eating prior to bedtime and obesity treatment, to name a few (10). In the same study already mentioned with smoking and salt, fiber and exercise both had the opposite effect, reducing the risk of GERD (5). The analysis by Journal Watch suggests that the fiber effect may be due to its ability to reduce nitric oxide production, a relaxant for the lower esophageal sphincter (11).

Obesity’s impact

In one study, obesity exacerbated GERD. What was interesting about the study is that researchers used manometry, which measures pressure, to show that obesity increases the pressure on the lower esophageal sphincter significantly (12). Intragastric (within the stomach) pressures were higher in both overweight and obese patients on inspiration and on expiration, compared to those with normal body mass index. This is yet another reason to lose weight.

Late night eating triggers 

Though it may be simple, it is one of the most powerful modifications we can make to avoid GERD. A study that showed a 700 percent increased risk of GERD for those who ate within three hours of bedtime, compared to those who ate four hours or more prior to bedtime. Of note, this is 10 times the increased risk of the smoking effect (13). Therefore, it is best to not eat right before bedtime and to avoid “midnight snacks.”

Although there are a number of ways to treat GERD, the most comprehensive have to do with modifiable risk factors. Drugs have their place in the arsenal of choices, but lifestyle changes are the first — and most effective — approach in many instances. Consult your physician before stopping PPIs, since there may be rebound hyperacidity (high acid produced) if they are stopped abruptly.

References:

(1) Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 1996;25(1):75. (2) Gut. 2014 Jun; 63(6):871-80. (3) emedicinehealth.com. (4) Gut 2004 Dec.; 53:1730-1735. (5) Gastroenterology. 2008;135(4):1392. (6) Kane SP. Proton Pump Inhibitor, ClinCalc DrugStats Database, Version 2021.10. Updated September 15, 2021. Accessed October 12, 2021. (7) World J Gastroenterol. 2009;15(38):4794–4798. (8) www.FDA.gov/safety/medwatch/safetyinformation. (9) Linus Pauling Institute; lpi.oregonstate.edu. (10) Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:965-971. (11) JWatch Gastro. Feb. 16, 2005. (12) Gastroenterology 2006 Mar.; 130:639-649. (13) Am J Gastroenterol. 2005 Dec.;100(12):2633-2636.

Dr. David Dunaief is a speaker, author and local lifestyle medicine physician focusing on the integration of medicine, nutrition, fitness and stress management. For further information, visit www.medicalcompassmd.com. 

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Freddie Freeman of the Atlanta Braves. Wikipedia photo

By Daniel Dunaief

Daniel Dunaief

Before I get to the current difficulty of deciding which of the four remaining baseball teams to support, if any, I’d like to offer the following observations on a bipolar Yankees season, in which a 13-game winning stream seemed as unlikely as a 70 loss season.

The team had the talent, sort of. They are, as the saying goes, what their record says they are. In many ways, it’s remarkable that they even made the one-game wildcard playoff. They weren’t exactly world beaters against the Baltimore Orioles, who almost single handedly made it possible for the other four teams in the division to finish with over 90 wins.

They also gave away games that they seemed a lock to win, coughing up leads late, and losing key games to a Mets team that struggled to find its identity and mojo after the best pitcher on the planet, Jacob deGrom, was injured.

But this isn’t about the Mets. So, for what it’s worth, here are my Yankees thoughts. Stop worrying about how much money you’re paying players. Go with the players that helped you win. That means, if defensively-gifted shortstop Andrew Velazquez played a key role in big games with his range and defense, give him a chance.

If that also means Greg Allen needs a few at bats and a chance to race around the bases, give him a shot, too. Oh, and Tyler Wade? I know he’s not going to hit 400-foot home runs too often, but he is a versatile gamer with an ability to play numerous positions and, on occasion, to have a high contact hot streak.

Stock photo

If I were managing my favorite team, I’d stick with whatever is working and not try to race injured and under performing players back. Sure, Gleyber Torres and Gio Urshela have been valuable pieces in the past, but that’s not a reason to put them back on the field in the hopes that they’ll be something they weren’t before each of them got injured.

As for the current playoff conundrum, what should Yankees fans who are still paying attention to baseball root for during the last three series?

Come on, it’s almost impossible to root for the Red Sox because, well, they’re the Red Sox. Then again, the Astros are not just a baseball villain, but are also Yankee killers. Jose Altuve, who used to be a beloved versoin of the little engine that could, hits a huge home run in 2019 off of Aroldis Chapman then covers up his uniform so no one can rip it off and show a tattoo he didn’t like? Yeah, I’m sure that’s what happened because these players are so modest about their body ink.

One of those two teams will represent the American League in the World Series. If I had to choose one, I think, gulp, I’d go with the Red Sox. Part of the reason for that is that I have so many friends and professional colleagues who love the team that I’d be happy for them.

In the National League, the Braves are a feel good team. I saw Freddie Freeman at the All Star Game a few years ago and he seemed like a genuinely good father. I know that’s not a critical criteria for rooting for someone, but he held his kids and smiled at almost anyone who talked to him.

The Dodgers are the beasts of baseball in the last few years. Just when you think they couldn’t get any better, they add Max Scherzer (seriously?) and Trea Turner, two incredible deadline acquisitions for a team that was already a powerhouse. Mookie Betts is otherworldly in one way or another, with his speed, incredible and accurate arm and his ability to put the ball in play and, at times, over the wall.

I’m going to root for the underdog in the national league here, pulling for the Braves to make a Cinderella journey into the World Series and beat the deep and talented Dodgers.

Now, if I get my way and it’s the Braves against the Red Sox? I’m going to root for the Braves because it’s still the Red Sox. No matter who wins, though, I’m hoping for a seven-game series because that’s good for baseball and for the baseball fan. I know the season is long enough, but those last few games are like the final number in a Broadway musical. The energy is high, the fans are on their feet, and no one wants to leave.

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David Thanassi. Photo by Jeanne Neville
*Please note: This article was updated on Oct. 15 to include a reference to former President Bill Clinton (D) in the fifth paragraph.

By Daniel Dunaief

David Thanassi wants to give dangerous bacteria in the kidney a haircut.

No, not exactly, but Thanassi, Zhang Family Professor and Chair of the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, has studied how hair-like structures called P pili in the bacteria Escherichia coli are assembled on the bacterial surface. 

These pili allow bacteria to hang on to the walls of the kidney, where urine would otherwise flush them out.

Learning about pili at different stages of development could provide a way to keep them from attaching themselves to the kidney and from entering the bloodstream, which could lead to the potentially lethal problem of bacterial sepsis. Indeed, this week, former President Bill Clinton (D) checked into the intensive care unit at the University of California Irvine Medical Center after a urinary tract infection spread to his bloodstream.

“We have been looking at this as a really important aspect of initiating infection from a bacteria’s point of view,” Thanassi said. “How do they build these structures” that lead to infection and illness?

Recently, Thanassi published the structure of these pili in the journal Nature Communication.

The current work builds on previous efforts from Thanassi to determine the structure of these pili in the bladder. He has been exploring how the thousands of proteins that make up the pili get transported and assembled in the correct order. “If we can understand that aspect, we can disrupt their assembly or function,” he said.

Urinary tract infections are a major infectious disease, particularly for women. Indeed, about half of all women will have at least one urinary tract infection, which can be uncomfortable and can require some form of medication. 

In some cases, the infections can be recurrent, leading to frequent infections and the repeated need for antibiotics.

The bacteria that cause these infections can become resistant to antibiotics, increasing the importance of finding alternative approaches to these infections, such as interfering with pili.

To be sure, the solution to reducing the bacteria’s ability to colonize the kidney or urinary tract would likely require other steps, as these invaders have additional ways beyond the pili to colonize these organs. Nonetheless, disrupting the way they adhere to the kidney could be a constructive advance that could lead to improved infection prevention and treatment.

One likely strategy could involve using an anti-pilus treatment in combination with other antibiotics, Thanassi explained.

For people who have recurrent infections, anti-pilus therapeutics could offer a solution without resorting to long-term antibiotics.

In his lab, Thanassi is interested in small molecules or chemicals that would disrupt the early stage in pili assembly. “We think of these as protein-protein interactions that are required to build these” pili, he said.

By using a fluorescence reporter, Thanassi and his colleagues can screen libraries of chemicals to determine what might inhibit the process.

As with many biological systems, numerous compounds may seem appropriate for the job, but might not work, as medicine often requires a specific molecule that functions within the context of the dynamic of a living system.

For the helpful bacteria in the gut, pili are not as important as they are for the harmful ones in the kidney, which could mean that an approach that blocked the formation of these structures may not have the same intestinal and stomach side effects as some antibiotics.

To determine the way these pili develop structurally, Thanassi and his lab used molecular and biochemical techniques to stop the assembly of pili at specific stages.

Bacteria assemble these pili during the course of about 30 minutes. An usher proteins serves as the pilus assembly site and pilus secretion channel in the bacterial outer membrane. The usher acts as a nanomachine, putting the pilus proteins into their proper order. A chaperone protein brings the pilus subunits to the usher protein.

In their development, the pili require a protein channel, which is an assembly site.

Thanassi started by working on the usher protein in isolation. The usher proteins function to assemble the thousands of pilus subunits that make up each pilus fiber. The process also involves chaperone proteins, which bind to nascent subunit proteins and help the subunits fold. The chaperone then delivers the subunit proteins to the usher for assembly into the pilus fiber. He used molecular and biochemical methods to express and purify the usher protein.

The assembly process involves interactions between chaperone-subunit complexes and the usher. Over the years, Thanassi has determined how the different proteins work together to build and secrete a pilus.

He was able to force the bacteria to express only one version of the assembly step and then isolate that developmental process.

The majority of the pilus is like a spring or a coil, which can stretch and become longer and straighter to act as a shock absorber, allowing the bacteria to grab on to the kidney cells rather than breaking.

Other researchers are studying how they might make the pili more brittle, preventing that spring-like action from working and compromising its ability to function.

“We’re trying to prevent the pili from assembling in the first place,” Thanassi explained. “Our approach is to try and get molecules that prevent the interaction from occurring.” He is looking at the specific function of one molecule that prevents the usher assembly platform from developing properly, which would wipe out the assembly site.

Thanassi credits former Stony Brook Professor Huilin Li, who is now Chair in the Department of Structural Biology at the Van Andel Institute in Grand Rapids, Michigan, with providing structural insights from his work with the cryo-electron microscoipe. The technology has “revolutionized the work we do,” said Thanassi.

Residents of Smithtown, Thanassi and his wife Kate Kaming, who is Senior Director of Cancer Development at Northwell Health Foundation, have two children. Joseph, 22, attends Northeastern University. Miles, 20, is studying at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Thanassi grew up in South Burlington, Vermont and is an avid skier. He also enjoys mountain biking, walking and music.

Thanassi hopes this latest structural work may one day offer help either with the prevention of infections or with their treatment.

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Pixabay photo

By Daniel Dunaief

Daniel Dunaief

What do you name after the man who’s already named everything after himself?

That is the question people will grapple with when they consider how to deploy the name of the 45th president.

Did you know, apart from edifices and casinos, the Trump name has been added to a species of small moth with yellowish-white scales on its head, called the Neopalpa donaltrumpi? Additionally, a sea urchin fossil is called Tetragramma donaldtrumpi.

What should be in the running to honor the legacy of a man who may extend his presidential legacy in 2024?

Here are a few suggestions that, hopefully, will delight and alienate people on both sides of the aisle equally.

— A pizza slicer. Called the Trump, this great divider will cut a pie into two pieces, elevating the one on the right while crushing the one on the left into a mess of tomato sauce and crumbled cheese that wants to tax the rich.

— A board game. With a rotating cast of characters, the object of the Trump Cabinet Shuffle will be for each player to hold onto as many cabinet members for as long as possible, even as many of them either want to leave or write books about their experience.

— A remote control. The former president clearly found TV a relevant and important medium. People around the country could search their couches for the “Trump,” so they can change the channel to watch Fox News, which will provide the names for the Trump Cabinet Shuffle.

— The Trump label maker. Borrowing from an episode of “Seinfeld,” people could develop a label maker named after someone who was fond of naming people and objects. The Trump label maker would default to the most common words in the Trump vernacular, including “disgrace,” “beautiful,” and “fake.”

— A fast-food franchise. Given the former president’s predilection for the fast food he served to college football players, it’s surprising no one has come up with Trump World Burgers. Each restaurant could have a game of darts, where patrons could sling darts at the faces or names of their least favorite democrats. Every wall would have a TV tuned to Fox News and every place setting would sit on top of the New York Post.

—A magic wand. Can’t you picture it? Let’s get out the Trump wand and make everything unpleasant — impeachments, investigations, and distasteful stories- disappear.

— A fertilizer company. Yeah, okay, this might seem especially harsh, but fertilizer, while it’s made from feces, is necessary for the growth of many of the foods we eat, whether we’re vegetarians and eat only greens, or carnivores and eat the meat that eats the greens.

— Oversized boxing gloves. With pictures of the former president on each hand, a boxer could put his small, medium or large hands into red Trumps to fight against the forces of evil.

— An especially tall straw pole next to a smaller pole. The taller Trump pole could show how, even at a distance, he’s leading his closest competitor. “Trump is always ahead at the polls.”

— A distorted mirror. Like the side view mirrors on cars, these Trump mirrors could accent certain features while minimizing others, creating whatever reality the viewer prefers.

— Stiff-legged pants. With material that stiffens during the playing of the National Anthem, the Trump pants would make it impossible to kneel.

— A huggable flag. Given his preference for hugging flags, someone should design a flag with arms that hug back, as in, “the Trump flag is ready for its hug.”

— A “yes” puppy. You know how people have little puppies whose heads pop up and down when you touch them on their dashboard? Someone could add a sound effect to that, like “yes, yes, yes, yes,” each time the Trump head moved.

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Pixabay photo

By Leah S. Dunaief

Leah Dunaief

Who typically thinks about inflation?

Inflation is one of those words that cuts both ways. Low inflation is considered a desirable thing by borrowers and the Federal Reserve. A lot of inflation can be a disaster for the financial markets and for everyone’s pocketbook. 

Those who deal with money and work in finance keep an eye on inflation. After all, inflation refers to a general increase in the price of goods and services in the economy over time that corresponds with a decrease in what you can buy with the same amount of money. And if your money is going to be devalued, best keep that eye. 

Years ago, I learned a simple definition for inflation: too many dollars chasing too few goods. Because of disruptions in the supply of goods, demand has currently outstripped supply. You can tell that from some of the empty shelves at the stores. Consequently, when products or services are scarce, we pay more for what we can still get.

When that happens suddenly, we all pay attention to inflation. Pull up at the gas pump and fill your tank. What do you know? The price for the exact same gas that you used last month has gone up. Go into a restaurant and order your favorite dish. It now costs a little more. The proprietor has no choice but to charge more because he or she had to pay more for the ingredients, due to disruption in delivery. That’s inflation. The government tracks inflation with the Consumer Price Index, or CPI. They leave gas and food out of the Core Index because those tend to be more volatile from one month to the next. But we can’t leave them out. We have to pay for them.

So how are we doing with inflation now?

Initially, rising prices were thought of as transitory, the result of pent-up demand that was suddenly released with the drop in COVID cases and the increase in vaccinations, that would even itself out before long. But prices of goods and services are still up while supply continues to be disrupted. Additionally, people have had more money to spend on those goods and services as a result of the billions in government aid.

As of this week, the CPI was up 5.4%. That’s how much prices have increased in a year. This is well above the Fed’s targeted rate of two percent, but so far there seems little interest on their part to raise rates and slow inflation. Social security checks, which are intended to keep pace with inflation, will be up 5.9% next year, the most in four decades. When rates are raised, it costs more money to borrow, whether for business expansion or mortgages, and that works to slow down inflation and growth. It seems the Fed still believes present inflation will diminish when current disruptions fade. President Joe Biden (D) has announced plans to keep ports open 24/7 to try and ameliorate the supply delays. But trucks and truckers are also insufficient.

There are other, less obvious signs of inflation. I attended the New York Press Conference two weeks ago and stayed for three nights at a hotel in the center of Troy. For the same room rate, we had no room service, no one cleaned the bathroom or made the beds. Clean towels were left in a bag outside our door. Breakfast was included, but there was only coffee, some wrapped Danish and small containers of yogurt. When we asked for bread, we were told there had been no delivery for many days. So in essence, we were paying the same money but getting less, like the old trick of getting candy for the usual price but in a smaller box. That’s inflation, too.

What actions should we take?

We probably should do our holiday shopping now, while some of the gifts we want are still available and at current prices. We might want to nail down a mortgage rate soon if we are in the market. As for our investments, who ever knows?

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Pixabay photo

By Michael Christodoulou

Michael ChristodoulouIf you’ve been investing for many years and you’ve owned bonds, you’ve seen some pretty big changes on your financial statements. 

In 2000, the average yield on a 10-year U.S. Treasury security was about 6%; in 2010, it had dropped to slightly over 3%, and for most of 2020, it was less than 1%. That’s an enormous difference, and it may lead you to this question: With yields so low on bonds, why should you even consider them?

Of course, while the 10-year Treasury note is an important benchmark, it doesn’t represent the returns on any bonds you could purchase. Typically, longer-term bonds, such as those that mature in 20 or 30 years, pay higher rates to account for inflation and to reward you for locking up your money for many years. But the same downward trend can be seen in these longer-term bonds, too — in 2020, the average 30-year Treasury bond yield was only slightly above 1.5%.

Among other things, these numbers mean that investors of 10 or 20 years ago could have gotten some reasonably good income from investment-grade bonds. But today, the picture is different. (Higher-yield bonds, sometimes known as “junk” bonds, can offer more income but carry a higher risk of default.)

Nonetheless, while rates are low now, you may be able to employ a strategy that can help you in any interest-rate environment. You can build a bond “ladder” of individual bonds that mature on different dates. When market interest rates are low, you’ll still have your longer-term bonds earning higher yields (and long-term yields, while fluctuating, are expected to rise in the future). When interest rates rise, your maturing bonds can be reinvested at these new, higher levels. Be sure you evaluate whether a bond ladder and the securities held within it are consistent with your investment objectives, risk tolerance and financial circumstances.

Furthermore, bonds can provide you with other benefits. For one thing, they can help diversify your portfolio, especially if it’s heavily weighted toward stocks. Also, stock and bond prices often (although not always) move in opposite directions, so if the stock market goes through a down period, the value of your bonds may rise. And bonds are usually less volatile than stocks, so they can have a “calming” effect on your portfolio. Plus, if you hold your bonds until maturity, you will get your entire principal back (providing the bond issuer doesn’t default, which is generally unlikely if you own investment-grade bonds), so bond ownership gives you a chance to preserve capital while still investing.

But if the primary reason you have owned bonds is because of the income they offer, you may have to look elsewhere during periods of ultra-low interest rates. For example, you could invest in dividend-paying stocks. Some stocks have long track records of increasing dividends, year after year, giving you a potential source of rising income. (Keep in mind, though, that dividends can be increased, decreased or eliminated at any time.) Be aware, though, that stocks are subject to greater risks and market movements than bonds.

Ultimately, while bonds may not provide the income they did a few years ago, they can have a place in a long-term investment strategy. Consider how they might fit into yours.

Michael Christodoulou, ChFC®, AAMS®, CRPC®, CRPS® is a Financial Advisor for Edward Jones in Stony Brook. Member SIPC.

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Pixabay photo

By Father Francis Pizzarelli

Father Frank Pizzarelli

The pandemic has changed the world forever. It has profoundly reminded us that all life is sacred, but also very fragile. Many families have drawn closer together. More and more people have strengthened their human connections and value their time together.

Unfortunately, it has also further polarized our nation. The heart and soul of our country is wounded and bleeding profusely. Stress and anxiety are on the rise and we are all ill-equipped to meet the escalating need for competent mental health professionals.

Our schools are struggling with this new landscape that our children must travel. There is a great need for a stronger mental health support system to meet the growing number of students who are frightened and anxious.

The lack of quality childcare makes it even more stressful for single moms and moms whose working income is critical for survival.

The light at the end of the tunnel is blurred with mixed messages, conspiracy theories that are blatant lies and elected leaders who are not interested in the people that elected them but rather special interest groups.

Some of our religious leaders have been painfully silent when they should speak to social justice, human rights and doing what’s right for our communities. Our moral compass seems to be broken. How many more lives need to be senselessly lost before we stand up and work harder at building bridges and not walls? 

As a divided nation, we are giving power to divisive mean-spirited persons who do not care about the heart and soul of our country.

We are continuing to bury an epidemic number of young people who are dying from heroin because of our horrific insurance and healthcare system— one that is more focused on the bottom line financially than empowering a person to long term wellness and recovery.

Millions of dollars continue to sit in the Suffolk County Treasurer’s office while the bureaucrats decide who is going to get what. We are in the midst of a national health crisis. We need action now. We need more beds for long-term treatment. We need to support the few hospitals that provide limited treatment to expand their services.

As we bicker, an increasing number of families are burying their children senselessly. What will it take to force us to reclaim our humanity and restore the character and integrity of our great nation?

We the people — what does that mean in a country that is so divided? I have seen firsthand, in the midst of our diversity and difference, people come together to support each other in our times of need. We need to reclaim that spirit, transcend our differences and renew the hopeful spirit of our nation.Hope does not abandon us. We abandon hope.

Father Francis Pizzarelli, SMM, LCSW-R, ACSW, DCSW, is the director of Hope House Ministries in Port Jefferson.

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Mustard Glazed Pork Tenderloin. METRO photo

By Barbara Beltrami

Ah, mustard…slathered on a hot pastrami on rye, squeezed on a hot dog, mixed with mayonnaise on a ham and cheese sandwich. But let’s think outside the box or rather the jar. A little dollop in a vinaigrette, blended with cream in a sauce or combined with brown sugar for glazing a roast gives mustard an equally important role. 

And then there are the different types of mustard — yellow, honey, spicy brown, Dijon, whole grain, hot, English, German.

According to Wikipedia the bruised or cracked mustard seeds are mixed with water, vinegar, wine, salt, and other liquids as well as spices to create a paste that ranges from bright yellow to dark brown and give us what we think of as prepared mustard. 

A common condiment in the cuisines of India, Bangladesh and the Mediterranean as well as northern and Southeastern Europe, Asia, the Americas and Africa, it is one of the most widely used condiments world wide. 

There are several jars of mustard lined up on my refrigerator door, and although I’m sometimes not sure which one to use, it’s always an adventure for my taste buds.

Creamy Mustard Vinaigrette

YIELD: Makes a scant 3/4 cup

INGREDIENTS: 

1/2 cup extra virgin olive oil

1 1/2 tablespoons red wine vinegar

1 tablespoon freshly squeezed lemon juice

Salt and freshly ground pepper to taste

1 heaping tablespoon prepared Dijon mustard

1 garlic clove, bruised

1/2 teaspoon mayonnaise

DIRECTIONS: 

In a small bowl combine all ingredients and whisk vigorously until mixture emulsifies. Let sit at least 15 minutes; before serving remove garlic. Serve with Romaine or Bibb lettuce for a green salad or boiled potatoes for a potato salad.

Mustard Glazed Pork Tenderloin

YIELD: Makes 4 servings

INGREDIENTS: 

1 1/2 – 2 pounds pork tenderloin

1/2 cup brown sugar

2 rounded tablespoons prepared grainy mustard

2 tablespoons dry sherry

1 tablespoon soy sauce

1/4 cup olive oil

Salt and freshly ground pepper

DIRECTIONS: 

Pat meat dry with paper towels. Season with salt and pepper. In a large bowl combine the brown sugar, mustard, sherry and soy sauce. 

Add pork and turn well to thoroughly coat. Marinate at least 15 minutes or up to one hour. Heat a large cast iron skillet over medium-high heat until smoking; swirl olive oil in pan until it is completely coated, sprinkle pork with salt and pepper, then place it in pan and reduce heat to medium-low. Cook, turning meat every 3 minutes or so until it is caramelized on all sides, about 20 to 25 minutes; remove, tent with foil and let sit 10 minutes. Carve into 1/4-1/2” slices and serve with rice and roasted root vegetables.

Creamy Mustard Sauce with Herbs

YIELD: Makes about 1 1/2 cups

INGREDIENTS: 

2 tablespoon olive oil

1 shallot finely chopped

2 garlic cloves, finely chopped

1 cup heavy cream

1/2 cup prepared Dijon mustard

Salt and freshly ground white pepper to taste

2 tablespoons fresh herbs such as tarragon, chives, dill, oregano or parsley

DIRECTIONS: 

In a medium saucepan, warm oil over medium heat; add shallot and garlic and saute, stirring frequently, until shallot is opaque, about 3 minutes. Reduce heat to low, add cream, mustard, salt and pepper and herbs and cook, stirring constantly, until sauce thickens, about one minute. Serve with asparagus, Brussels sprouts, string beans, cauliflower, ham, pork, chicken or fish.

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With the ending of daylight saving time around the corner and the fall season officially here, it’s beginning to get dark earlier. 

While cool autumn nights are a nice break from the hot and wet summer we’ve just had, what comes with the pleasant weather is also nighttime appearing closer to 6 p.m. 

The worst part about the darkness creeping up is that many people still act as though the sun is still out during the late evening. It’s not, and we all need to be careful. 

When the sun is shining, drivers are able to see pedestrians walking, biking, skating — but not so much anymore with the season change. Dog walkers are normally good about bringing a flashlight, and cyclists almost always have reflectors on their bikes — but a few do not, and they can get seriously hurt if both parties are not paying attention. 

But it isn’t just the people outside getting their exercise and enjoying the fresh air who are at fault. Drivers need to slow down. 

The combination of darkness plus speeding can cause a catastrophe. Both parties would be at fault. 

And then there are the deer and the other woodland critters that live in our backyards. Unfortunately, they don’t own a flashlight, so it’s our responsibility as good humans to keep an eye out for the animals who dart into the street. 

If we are driving slowly and cautiously, there’s a good chance we can avoid them and let them be on their merry way. If we don’t, not only could we kill the poor animal, but they can cause serious damage to the car and to us.

While we appreciate the lights we have on our local streets, it’s not enough. Please, don’t wear all-dark colors while out during an evening stroll. Do bring a flashlight or indicator that you are there. Be aware of your surroundings — if you want to listen to music on your earphones, keep it down so you can hear if a car is heading your way. Remember to walk against the traffic. If you’re a cyclist, go in the same direction as the vehicles. 

And drivers, as we said, be mindful of our neighbors taking advantage of our beautiful North Shore. Slow down and enjoy the ride, too. 

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Haley

This week’s shelter pet is Haley, an 8-year-old female/spayed Pit/terrier mix waiting at the Smithtown Animal Shelter for her furever home. 

Sweet Haley lost both of her parents within a few weeks of each other. Despite that trauma, she seeks love (and food) from anyone she meets. Haley is an affectionate dog, but she can be a bit protective, so her ideal home is one without children. She lived with a cat and had a smaller dog best friend she loved to play with. With the exception of a small weight problem, Haley is a healthy girl and would love a happy home to spend her golden years in. 

She comes spayed, microchipped and up to date on her shots.

If you are interested in meeting Haley, please call ahead to schedule an hour to properly interact with her in a domestic setting, which includes a dog run and a Meet and Greet Room. 

The Smithtown Animal & Adoption Shelter is located at 410 Middle Country Road, Smithtown. Shelter operating hours are currently Monday to Saturday from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. (Sundays and Wednesday evenings by appointment only). For more information, call 631-360-7575 or visit www.smithtownanimalshelter.com.

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