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Alexandra Nowlan

By Daniel Dunaief

The DNA Learning Center at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory doesn’t just provide educational opportunities for students; it can also inspire their teachers.

That was the case for PhD graduate Alexandra Nowlan, who worked in the lab of Professor Stephen Shea.

When Nowlan met her required teaching component at the center as a part of the graduation requirement for her doctorate, she found educating the next generation inspiring.

“It’s very rewarding to get kids excited about science,” said Nowlan.

Alexandra Nowlan giving a talk at CSHL. Photo from Constance Brukin

Indeed, Nowlan, who did her postdoctoral work at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in the Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, has taken a job as assistant teaching professor in the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience at the same institution. She is teaching two neuopsychopharmacology classes and is preparing for an advanced molecular pharmacology class in the fall.

“I was really drawn to outreach opportunities and put more of my focus into teaching,” she said. “The opportunity presented itself, so I jumped at it. I’m having a really good time.”

Established in 1988, the DNA Learning Center was the first site to focus on genetic education for the public, offering classes to students in 5th through 12th grades.

The Learning Center, with sites in five different locations in New York, provides classes and labs for 30,000 students each year.

Amanda McBrien, Assistant Director of the DNA Learning Center, observed Nowlan in action.

“She had a magnetic energy about her,” said McBrien. “She came in and was young, enthusiastic and cool all wrapped into one.”

During a Fun with DNA course in the summer offered in conjunction with Women in Science, Nowlan was the “perfect role model,” McBrien added, who proved to be “utterly approachable” and enthusiastic, making her an engaged presenter.

Students can find information about these classes through the DNA Learning Center and can register for summer courses starting this week.

Recent publication

In addition to her professional journey into teaching, Nowlan recently published the results of a study she conducted in the journal Current Biology based on research conducted at CSHL.

Working with Shea and other scientists who followed her in Shea’s lab, Nowlan studied the way the mouse brain processes sensory signals such as odor and sound as a part of a pup retrieval process.

Important in the behavior of mothers and of surrogates who care for the young, pup retrieval helps ensure that developing mice stay closer to their mothers or caretakers.

“Pup retrieval is one of the most important things for mothers or caregivers,” Shea said in a statement. “It requires the ability to smell and hear the pup. If these things are both important, that may mean they merge somewhere in the brain.”

Indeed, during pup retrieval, neurons from an area of the brain called the basal amygdala carry smell signals to the auditory cortex, which is the brain’s hearing center. The basal amygdala is involved in learning and processing social and emotional signals, linking perception with emotion and social learning.

When Nowlan and others blocked the ability of maternal mice to access smell signals, the mice  didn’t provide their customary parental pup retrieval.

Shea and his lab suspect that what’s reaching the auditory cortex is being filtered through social-emotional signals from basal amygdala neurons.

“We’ve known that pup odor is important,” said Nowlan. “People have eliminated odors and seen deficits.”

Deficits in vocalizations also can affect this behavior.

“The pathway that would allow olfactory signals to reach the auditory cortex was unknown and we’ve identified a pathway that is functionally capable of linking those two senses,” Nowlan explained.

A winding path

Nowlan, who grew up in Williamstown, Massachusetts, played rugby in college at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. While three concussions encouraged her to search for a non-contact sport, it also piqued her interest in neurology.

After she graduated, she worked for four years in the laboratory of Sandeep Robert Datta at Harvard Medical School, where she learned about the importance of the olfactory system.

At the Datta lab, she worked with then postdoctoral researcher Paul Greer, who let a flier on her desk about Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory’s graduate program.

“The umbrella program appealed to me,” she said. “You could get an education not only in the subject you’re interested in but you also had an opportunity to learn about cancer biology and plant genetics, which was exciting.”

Nowlan attended courses and meetings, interacting with top scientists across a range of fields.

The first year she lived in a house on campus near the water, where she and her fellow graduate students could see the lights of all the buildings at night.

“My classmates and I felt like we were at Hogwarts, this magical science camp,” she said.

Postdoctoral transition

When she was writing her PhD thesis, Nowlan became interested in motivated behaviors.

She had been following reports about the opioid epidemic and knew it was affecting Berkshire County, where she grew up.

She was curious about how opioid use disrupted noradrenaline signaling, which plays an important role in motivation, rewarding and the body’s stress response.

“I wanted to explore how these motivational circuits can get disrupted in examples where drugs that are commonly misused are involved,” she said.

She and others in the lab of Zoe McElligott at the Bowles Center were trying to understand various brain circuits as people undergo the painful experience of addiction withdrawal.

More information about these processes could reduce the negative experience and lead to better and perhaps more effective treatments.

Born on the same day

Nowlan met her husband Craig Jones, a Long Island native, through a dating app.

“I joked when we first met that the algorithm” from the app that brought them together was lazy, she said. They were both born on the same day, just hours apart.

Jones, who works as a user experience designer for fitness company Zwift, is “older and he won’t let me forget it,” said Nowlan.

As for her current teaching role, Nowlan is hoping to emulate the inspirational approach of Enrique Peacock-López, a college professor at nearby Williams College. In addition to coaching a soccer team with his daughter and Nowlan, Enrique-López took time to share chemistry demonstrations in primary school and to bring high school students into his lab.

Nowlan appreciated how Peacock-López connected with students.

“The way he made science exciting and accessible to members of the community is really inspiring,” said Nowlan.

Peacock-López has known Nowlan for decades.

“There’s a lot of satisfaction that I may have contributed a little bit with my grain of salt in their careers,” said Peacock-López. When he teaches, he seeks ways to motivate students to solve problems.

For younger children as a starter experiment, he works with reagents that reveal considerable color or that has fumes.

“They love to hear sounds or see colors,” he said.

Peacock-López’s advice to future teachers is to “interact with students” and get to know them.

A native of Mexico, he promised himself when he started teaching that he would treat students the way he would want to be treated.

As for Nowlan, she is eager to continue the teaching tradition.

“It makes me want to keep giving back and provide opportunities to educate the public about what we’re doing and why it’s interesting and important,” Nowlan said. 

Her goal is to educate the next generation of neuroscientists and curious community members about how discoveries made in the lab are translated into treatments for disease.

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Dr. Aleena Zahra/St. Charles Hospital

By Daniel Dunaief

Bird flu, which is a virus that has so far primarily infected animals, has affected a duck farm in Aquebogue.

Amid concerns about transmission, Crescent Duck Farm, which has operated as a family business since 1908, has had to put down close to 100,000 ducks.

At this point, health officials haven’t reported any cases of humans contracting the virus, although the farm, its workers and doctors have been looking out for signs of illness.

Local doctors suggested that the risk to humans from bird flu is limited to those people who have worked with or handled sick birds.

Dr. Adrian Popp, chair of Infection Control at Huntington Hospital/ Northwell Health. File photo

The virus “transmits easily from bird to bird, but so far transmission to humans has not occurred to my knowledge,” Dr. Adrian Popp, chair of Infection Control at Huntington Hospital/ Northwell Health and associate professor of medicine at Hofstra School of Medicine, explained in an email. “There is a theoretical possibility that this can occur, but so far, I think we are safe,” as New York State is monitoring exposed workers.

Doctors urged residents to see a healthcare worker if they have any contact with birds and they develop symptoms such as a fever, conjunctivitis (an eye infection that can include redness or watery eyes), or breathing issues.

“Monitor yourself for 10 days after exposure,” urged Dr. Aleena Zahra, infectious disease physician at St. Charles Hospital. “If you develop any symptoms, seek medical attention.”

The treatment for bird flu, which can affect people in ways that are similar to influenza, is to take tamiflu, which is more effective in the earlier stages of an infection.

“If you’re in contact with an animal that is sick, then that would be a potential risk factor,” added Zahra.

Zahra advised residents to avoid picking up a dead bird in their yard without gloves and other safety measures.

Dr. Sharon Nachmann, chief of the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases at Stony Brook Children’s Hospital, added that the jump to humans from other animals is rarely happening.

People who have become infected are typically recovering, although one person in Louisiana died from the virus.

Despite the relatively low risk, viruses have the ability to mutate, which could make them more transmissible and more dangerous.

CDC silence

At the same time, local doctors are concerned that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has stopped publishing information on infectious diseases.

“This is an unprecedented attack on timely access to reports about transmission of various infectious diseases in the country and worldwide,” Popp explained. “It will lead to delayed prevention measures, poor health care, and potentially allowing infectious disease outbreaks to get out of control.”

Dr. Sharon Nachmann/Stony Brook Children’s Hospital

The CDC has created travel bans in the past, but has not closed its reporting on outbreaks, Nachmann said.

“It’s incredibly stressful,” said Nachmann.

Doctors added that they were missing the bigger picture that might offer important information about the source of an illness and the best possible treatment.

“We want to do the best for our patients. We want to tell them that this is working or that is not working and you need a different medication,” Nachmann said.

For right now, doctors are gathering information from state and local officials, said Zahra.

The CDC typically shares details about the specific type of infections in an area or region, its responsiveness to various treatments and its differential impact on any specific subgroup, such as children.

“It is sad to see how political, partisan measures are used to suppress sharing of scientific information between healthcare professionals,” Popp added.

Doctors are hoping for more and better information before too long.

“All we have now is a stop,” said Nachmann. “We don’t know what happens after the stop.”

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METRO photo

By Daniel Dunaief

Daniel Dunaief

A few years ago, a friend of mine called the night before a major operation.

I could tell he was nervous. His usual, unflappable voice was weaker and unsteady, as if he weren’t sure how things would go and was reaching out for encouragement.

“There’s pretty much nothing you can do at this point,” I said. “You really don’t need to be sharp or focused or even attentive tomorrow. You better hope the doctor is getting plenty of rest and is at his best.”

“That’s true,” he laughed. “Maybe I should send over a good dinner or encourage him to go to bed early tonight.”

Doctors, like so many other people in other professions, deal with activities and routines that are unimaginable for the rest of us.

As a child, I watched my father slowly and carefully remove glass from the eyes of a construction worker who had been in an accident. I also sat in horror as he ate a steak just hours after being in surgery for most of the day to reconstruct the eye of a local patient who had suffered extensive trauma.

The medical world’s ability to get past the “ick” factor is pretty incredible. These professionals, on whom we rely for our overall health and for the health of our specific organs and systems, improve and extend our lives, offering the best of modern medicine to counteract the effect of bad habits, hidden genetic problems that can complicate and threaten our lives, and pathogens that cause damage and destruction.

Recently, I visited a urologist. If you’ve been reading this column long enough, you might recall that I’ve had kidney stones. These are exceptionally unpleasant, causing pain and vomiting, among other discomforts.

Long ago, I shuffled into an emergency room, bent over double from the pain. After I told the admitting nurse what was wrong, she didn’t even bother with paperwork or with taking my blood pressure. She immediately took me to a room, where another nurse almost instantly provided a painkiller. I am still grateful to them years later.

So, you see, I feel the need to monitor the health of this system to reduce the risk of future such episodes.

This year, I was meeting with a new urologist. I tried not to think about the parts that are unpleasant but that are much less problematic than a kidney stone.

He knocked politely on the door, as if he might have been delivering a dish of salmon with steamed vegetables and couscous.

Who is it? I was tempted to ask in a falsetto voice. What difference did it make? Anyone who knocked was coming in regardless of what I said.

He washed his hands – thankfully – sat down and asked me to tell him about myself.

“My health history?” I wondered.

“No, I mean, are you married, do you have kids, what do you do for a living?”

Well, I write about weird meetings like this. But enough about me, how do you do what you do? I wondered. No, I didn’t say that. I smiled and offered the 20 second tour of my life. 

We even chatted about the Yankees losing Juan Soto to the Mets. Would they be better or worse this year?

After he asked me about my health history, he told me to lower my pants and underwear and put my elbows on the examining table.

“You’re going to feel some pressure as I examine your prostate,” he said.

I thought of my dog, whose head is often in my lap or near my face when they probe parts of his body he’d just as soon no human ever touched. He makes a face I imagine was similar to mine at that moment. Shocked expressions transcend species.

Afterwards, the urologist smiled at me, gave me a quick assessment and told me he wished me and the Yankees well this year.

Later, I tried to imagine sitting at a meal with him, chatting in an airport waiting room, or standing outside the backstop of a softball field as we waited for the chance to hit.

I couldn’t do it. Routine as his work might be for him and necessary as it might be for me, I struggle to disconnect from an exam that is a routine part of his work.

But, hey, I’m not anticipating that either of us will call the other on our birthdays this year. I’m glad he’s there, doing his thing and hope not to need additional services.

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From left, postdoctoral researcher William Thomas, Professor Liliana Dávalos and former undergraduate fellow Maria Alejandra Bedoya Duque. Photo courtesy of William Thomas

By Daniel Dunaief

Captivity causes changes in a brain, at least in the shrew.

Small animals that look like rodents but are related to moles and hedgehogs, shrews have different gene expression in several important areas of their brain during captivity.

In a study led by 2022 Hearst summer Undergraduate Research Fellow Maria Alejandra Bedoya Duque in the lab of Stony Brook Professor Liliana Dávalos, shrews in captivity had  different gene expression in the cortex, hippocampus and olfactory bulb. These brain areas are important for cognition, memory and environmental sensing.

“I was very surprised by what we found,” said Dávalos. While she expected that the research might uncover differences between the brains of captive and wild animals, she didn’t expect the changes to be as many or as strong.

The change in brain activity could offer potential alternative explanations for studies that explore the effect of various experiments on animals kept in captivity.

“It could be very useful to find out if these environmental influences could be confounding,” said Dávalos. “We don’t know all the dimensions of what captivity is doing.”

Additionally, brain activity changes in captivity for shrews in terms of the transcripts that are over or under expressed mirror those found in humans who have neurological changes such as major depressive disorder or neuro degenerative disorders.

“How these [changes] influence behavior or cognition is a separate question,” Dávalos added.

To be sure, extrapolating from shrews to humans is different and requires careful analysis, Dávalos explained.

Humans and shrews have distinct life history, ecology, body size and other characteristics. While scientists can study genes they think might have similar functions, more studies are necessary to determine the effects of those genes in expression and how similar they are to those studied in humans or mice.

Dávalos does not expect to find a silver bullet that reorganizes human brains or a gene or pathway that’s going to revolutionize neurodegenerative research.

Nonetheless, in and of itself, the study suggested opportunities for further research and exploration into the effects of captivity on animals in general and, in particular, on their mental processes, which are affected by changes in conditions and needs in their environment.

A foundation for future work

Maria Alejandra Bedoya Duque

The study, which was recently published in the journal Biology Letters, grew out of a two-month internship Bedoya did at Stony Brook in which she studied the brains of four captive shrews and four wild animals. The analysis of the results involved numerous calls and discussions when she returned to Colombia to finish her undergraduate degree.

At the end of the summer, Bedoya was “going to present her work internally at Stony Brook,” explained William Thomas, a postdoctoral researcher in Dávalos’s lab and one of Bedoya’s mentors throughout the project. “Instead, she turned it into a paper.”

Thomas appreciated how Bedoya “put in a lot of work to make sure she got this out,” he said.

The shrew’s brain changed after two months in captivity, which is about 20 percent of their total lifespan, as shrews live an average of one year.

“We don’t know what the limits are,” in terms of the effect of timing on triggering changes in the shrew’s brain, Thomas said. “We don’t know how early the captive effect is.”

Thomas suggested that this paper could “lay the foundation for future studies with larger samples.”

Dávalos was pleased that the study resulted in a meaningful paper after a summer of gathering data and several years of analyzing and presenting the information.

“I’m immensely proud and happy that we had this unexpected finding,” said Dávalos. “It is one of the most gratifying experiences as a mentor.”

A launching pad

Bedoya, who graduated from Universidad Icesi in 2023 and is applying to graduate school after working as an adjunct professor/ lecturer at her alma mater, is pleased her work led to a published paper.

“I was so happy,” said Bedoya. “If it hadn’t been for [Thomas] and [Dávalos] cheering me on the whole time when I came back to Colombia, this study could have ended as my fellowship ended.”

Bedoya believes the experience at Stony Brook provided a launching pad for her career.

“It is a very valuable experience to have conducted this research all the way up to publication,” she said.

Thomas and Dávalos each recalled their own first scientific publication.

“I’m happy and relieved when they come out,” said Thomas. “While internal validation is important, the pleasure comes from providing something that you believe can help society.”

Dávalos’s first publication involved some unusual twists and turns. When she submitted her first paper about deforestation in the Andes, the journal wrote back to her in a letter telling her the paper was too newsy. She submitted it to several other publications, including one that indicated they had a huge backlog and weren’t publishing new research.

When it was published, the paper didn’t receive much attention. That paper, and another on her thoughts about how peace between the Colombian government and the FARC rebels might be worse for the rainforest, have since been cited frequently by other researchers.

Winter brain

At around the same time that Bedoya published her work about the effect of captivity on the shrew brain, Thomas published a study in the journal eLife in which he examined how shrew brains shrank during the winter and then regrew during the spring.

This work could offer genetic clues to neurological and metabolic health in mammals. Thomas focused on the hypothalamus, measuring how gene expression shifts seasonally.

A suite of genes that change across the seasons were involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis as well as genes that regulate cell death that might be associated with reductions in brain size.

Temperature was the driver of these seasonal changes.

The genes involved in maintaining the blood brain barrier and calcium signaling were upregulated in the shrew compared with other mammals.

After the winter, the shrew’s brains recovered their size, although below their pre-winter size.

Originally from Syracuse, Thomas attended SUNY Albany.

When he was younger, he entertained ideas of becoming a doctor, particularly as his grandmother battled ALS. On his first day shadowing a physician, he felt claustrophobic in the exam room and almost passed out.

He wanted to be outside instead of in “the squeaky clean floors” of a doctor’s office, he explained in an email.

As a scientist, he feels he can meld his passion for nature and his desire to help those who suffer from disease.

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Robert and Shirley Kenny

By Daniel Dunaief

When Dr. Shirley Strum Kenny was getting ready to leave Queens College to become president of Stony Brook University in 1994, she called her mother in Tyler, Texas, where she grew up.

She told her mother she was taking “a much more important job” and she “burst into tears.”

Dr. Shirley Strum Kenny

She felt Queens College had a heart and cared about its students and that she was taking over at Stony Brook where “science ruled” and where the “faculty were more important than students.”

She believed the public university had the “most incredible science faculty for a state institution, but it didn’t have a heart.”

Supported by her husband Dr. Robert “Bob” Kenny, the first female president at Stony Brook made numerous changes during a tenure that lasted until the summer of 2009, overseeing the beautification of the campus, directing the school’s athletic program into Division 1, and forging lasting connections with luminaries including world-renowned paleanthropologist Richard Leakey and celebrated actor Alan Alda.

In a wide-ranging celebrity podcast phone interview from their home in McLean, Virginia, Shirley and Bob Kenny shared numerous stories, insights, observations and reflections, offering specific steps the former president took to bring about cultural change at the university.

“When I got there, students didn’t matter,” said Kenny. “Faculty mattered and we had incredible faculty, particularly in the sciences.”

Kenny appreciated how hard her predecessors worked to recruit and retain talented faculty.

“Each of us played a very different role,” she said.

John Toll, the first longtime president who held the role from 1965 to 1978 “couldn’t have cared diddly squat what the campus looked like or felt like,” said Kenny. “He just wanted the best scientists in the world.”

Kenny believes John Marburger, who was president from 1980 to 1994, consolidated what Toll had done. “I came in at a very different point in history,” said Kenny. “I thought students did matter.”

Changing the campus and the focus of the university wasn’t easy. She said she received numerous figurative bruises along the way.

University leaders thought it was a “waste of time” and money to focus on undergraduates, she said. “We want to be the best graduate university that we can be,” she recalled, echoing the underlying philosophy of the school in the mid- 1990’s. “There was tremendous resistance.”

‘The ugliest campus in America’

Kenny brought in famed architect John Belle, who had worked with her at Queens College and had also been involved in the 1990 restoration of Ellis Island.

“The first important thing I did was to change [Stony Brook] from the ugliest campus in America to the beautiful campus it is now,” said Kenny.

When Kenny arrived, the area that is now the central mall was asphalt. She and Belle, who was one of the founders of architecture firm Beyer Blinder Belle, walked the campus.

Belle asked Kenny if the university had a center and “it really didn’t,” she said. Buildings went up here and there, seemingly without much consideration for developing aesthetically pleasing and relaxing outdoor green space.

Kenny also urged Belle to add a fountain, building on her experience at the University of Texas at Austin, where the fountain became not only a focal point for gatherings and activities but also a place to celebrate.

While Stony Brook doesn’t condone throwing people in the fountain, the way students did in Texas, the fountain has become a “central campus focus” and a place to show prospective students touring the university, she said.

Kenny also helped build and expand the student center, which created a place for students to interact and “have fun,” she said.

Important partners

Through easy-going laughter and self-deprecating humor, Shirley described meaningful and important partnerships that helped shape the direction of the school, academic opportunities and campus life.

Kenny described inviting Charles Wang to lunch. At the time, she was president of Queens College and he was the chief executive officer of Computer Associates.

“I thought I was being so sophisticated,” she laughed. “Here I am, Shirley, from Tyler, Texas. I thought, ‘He knows Chinese food. I’ll take him to a Korean restaurant.’”

Wang, as it turns out, was a Chinese food gourmet and thought she was mixing up his Chinese background with that of Korea.

“He never let me forget what a terrible mistake I’d make,” Kenny said. “He thought I didn’t know the difference between Chinese and Korean.”

She considered Wang one of her several brothers in her academic career. 

Kenny met Richard Leakey at a lunch in Manhattan. She intended to see if Leakey might give a lecture at Stony Brook, but started by asking him why he was in New York.

He had come for new prosthetics, after he’d lost his legs in a suspicious plane crash in 1993 when he was working to save endangered elephants and eliminate the trade in ivory tusks.

When she found out he didn’t have insurance, she encouraged him to become a visiting faculty at Stony Brook, where he could get insurance.

“That connection with Leakey and the Leakey Center has endured since then and has been very important to the university,” said Kenny.

Shirley met actor Alan Alda of MASH fame at a dinner at the Staller Center.

Alda shared an idea he pitched to other university presidents around the country that deploys improvisational acting techniques to communicate and, in particular, to share information about science.

Kenny was receptive to the idea, which led to the Alan Alda Center for Communicating Science.

A life partner

Shirley and Bob Kenny shared anecdotes and advice about their lifelong partnership.

The couple, both of whom grew up in Texas and met as undergraduates at the University of Texas when they worked for the school newspaper, have been married for 68 years.

When asked for the key to such a lasting marriage, Bob suggested it was “patience and tolerance.”

Shirley suggested the scales weren’t balanced as her husband “had to be patient with me more than I have to be patient with him. I’ve never doubted how clever I was to hook him.”

The Kennys have four grandchildren and a great grandchild.

The couple, who don’t travel as often to the university as they had in the years after leaving Stony Brook, maintain a close connection to the school through their daughter Sarah Azzara, who is a Full-Time Lecturer in the Program in Writing and Rhetoric at Stony Brook.

The next leader

While the Kennys aren’t involved in the current search for a new president at Stony Brook, Shirley shared some thoughts on the qualities she’d like from the next leader.

“What I really want is somebody who cares about Stony Brook and who is not just looking at this as a weigh station to a more ‘prestigious’ presidency,” she said. “The last few people have been on their way to other presidencies.”

She would like someone who “loves and cares about Stony Brook and wants to keep making it better.”

As for advice she’d share with anyone contemplating becoming a university president, Kenny suggested the importance of hearing other people.

“You need to be able to listen and not just talk,” she said. Presidents need to be sensitive to “what the campus wants, as well as having your own vision of where you think it should be going.”

Even if a prospective leader believes in a particular vision, that person “shouldn’t just pronounce and do, even if [he or she] thinks they have a wonderful vision.”

She urged universities and their leaders to focus on recruiting extraordinary teachers as well as talented researchers.

Robert Kenny spent 12 years without electricity, then rose to top academic posts

When the lights go out, Robert Kenny feels like he’s home.

“I react by saying, ‘Yeah, I’ve been there. I’ve been to this place,’” said Kenny.

That’s because, for the first dozen years of his life, Kenny had no indoor plumbing or electricity on what he described as a “hard scrabble farm” in Texas.

Shirley and Robert Kenny at Robert’s 90th birthday lunch. Photo courtesy of the Kennys

“I grew up basically in the 19th century,” said Kenny, from the current home he and his wife of 68 years Shirley share in McLean, Virginia.

Kenny brought buckets of water from the windmill to the house, while his mother cooked on a four-burner wooden stove.

The family, which farmed land to raise cattle for beef, had a battery powered radio powered by a windmill on the roof of the house.

When the wind blew, the battery charged and the family could listen to news and entertainment, but when the air was still for longer periods of time, the radio wouldn’t function.

Kenny also lived in a home with a phone that looked like a box with a crank. His neighbors, whose homes were about a mile away, all had similar boxes connected to one line.

Everyone was on the same line and a call to each family had a distinctive ring.

When the summer evenings got too hot indoors, the family took their beds outside and slept under the sky.

“It was terrific,” recalled Kenny. “I enjoyed it. You tended to wake up early.”

On the unusual night when it rained, the family would bundle everything up quickly and race indoors.

“I knew from childhood that I wanted to leave that world,” said Kenny.

When the family finally received electricity, Kenny was thrilled that he could read in the evening as long as he was allowed to stay up.

Kenny’s parents were “very supportive of education,” he said. “That’s what made” it possible for him to leave the farming world and enter academia.

Army counterspy

Before adding to his academic resume, Kenny served as a counterspy in the army.

“That was the age in which everybody was suspected of being a communist,” said Kenny. “The army was very worried about people becoming subverted and becoming spies.”

His unit’s job was to search for people who might be susceptible to any leverage the Russians might find.

“At that time and one hates to say it now, the Army was very suspicious of homosexual activity,” he said. “They thought [gay soldiers] were vulnerable to blackmail.”

When his unit found gay men, they were “usually pushed out of the Army,” he said.

That, Kenny said, proved ironic, because he was sure at least one of the people in this counterspy group was, himself, a closeted gay man who rose through the ranks.

While he was in the army, Kenny married Shirley Strum, who decades later would serve as the first female president of Stony Brook University.

Kenny, meanwhile, built on his love of reading and appreciation for education, becoming Dean of the Columbian College of Arts and Sciences at George Washington University.

Real world lessons

While dedicated academics, the Kenny couple received difficult lessons in the real world during their honeymoon.

They were robbed twice on their honeymoon, first in Miami and then in Puerto Rico when they swam in the hotel swimming pool.

When they returned to the United States, Bob Kenny had to call his commanding officer to ask for an advance on his money so he could get back to the base.

Looking back on his over 90 years of life, Kenny suggested he especially enjoyed his 20s, when he could travel the world. He also reveled in the 40’s, when the family enjoyed time with their young children.

He described visiting the shrine at Delphi in Greece as being “absolutely eerie and magical.”

As for the way he best supported his wife during her tenure as the president of Stony Brook, Kenny suggested that his role was as a “listening post” and a “place to vent where she could express her frustrations.”

Looking at an academic legacy that has continued through the generations, with their daughter Sarah Azzara at Stony Brook and grandchildren including Avi Kenny, an Assistant Professor of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics at Duke, the Kennys are proud of their ongoing academic legacy.

For Bob Kenny, such academic success came from a humble beginning.“Books were not easy to come by in that part of the world,” he said. “I read everything” he could get his hands on. His favorite was Mark Twain’s “Tom Sawyer.”

 

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Pixabay photo

By Daniel Dunaief

Daniel Dunaief

The back to back days of pardons given by former president Joe Biden and current president Donald Trump put me in a pardoning frame of mind.

In that vein, I think we should have a national day of pardoning in the United States, unrelated to who is president and what those pardons might reflect about the taint politics has on the entire notion of a justice system whose rules can and should apply to all.

Perhaps the day after the inauguration should become a day of amnesty or for some sort of pardoning day, when we can ask for and receive pardons from regular folks for regular offenses.

Here are a few pardonable categories:

Inaction: We sometimes have those moments when we could or should say something and don’t. We see someone bullying someone else and we have the chance to stand up for that person. Instead, maybe we’re relieved that the bullying didn’t come directly at us.

Many years ago in college, one of my professors (and some of you may have read this anecdote before, so pardon me) was berating someone for trying to remove some equipment quietly from the room. He shouted at him and dressed him down, complaining that this other person was making it impossible for him to do his job.

At the time, I thought about getting out of my seat and leaving the room, but I didn’t. I could have helped the person doing the work, or, perhaps, have said something.

Funny is in the eye of the beholder: We sometimes think, hope or believe we’re funnier than we are. Maybe we make a friend or classmate uncomfortable, joke with a partner or invalidate someone else with words we think are more clever than they are. A pardon day could give us a chance to rephrase what we said or, instead of explaining it or editing it, just deleting it from the record. Wouldn’t that be nice? Pardon me for trying too hard to be amusing and missing the mark so badly. Can’t you just see that on a card or in a text?

We thought we knew better: How often have our parents suggested something, like wearing boots in the snow, putting on mittens in the cold, or doing our homework instead of praying for a snow day, and been right? Perhaps an amnesty day would give us a chance to admit that they were right and, in return, they could ask for our pardon for telling the same stories about our stubborn and self-assured nature.

Last teammates: Gym class is filled with opportunities for embarrassment, discomfort and failure. We might let a ball scoot by us, run the wrong way or pass to the wrong teammate. But those pale in comparison to the moment when someone is picked last, yet again. These character-building experiences can and should include moments when the people chosen last defy the odds and receive a welcoming and eager reaction from a captain or teammates.

Understanding instead of anger: It’s easy to react to someone’s angry, abrupt or inexplicable actions with frustration and hostility. Why didn’t this person answer a text or email? Why did he or she cut me off? We can ask for a pardon and perhaps get a better understanding of why someone wouldn’t let us finish a sentence.

Ears not mouth: Sometimes, we need a pardon for speaking instead of listening. Speaking is so much easier, as we can share whatever thoughts are percolating in our brains. Listening is often harder, but can be more rewarding and meaningful for people who have something to share. Pardon me for speaking. What did you want to say? I promise I’m listening.

Bad math moment: Maybe we were splitting a check, leaving a tip or returning the favor for a gift someone gave our children and yet, somehow we didn’t send/ spend enough. We’ve all been distracted at inopportune times, even with money. A pardon for under-tipping a hard working waiter or waitress might go a long way. 

Sharing poorly: On a recent vacation, I went up to a buffet, filled a plate with chocolate chip cookies and carried them through the restaurant. A child in the restaurant pointed and said, “Look it’s the real cookie monster.” Yes, that’s me. So, for all those times I didn’t exactly share well, pardon me.

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Pixabay photo

By Daniel Dunaief

Small particles from the raging wildfires in Los Angeles that have killed residents, destroyed homes and businesses and have caused massive evacuations have crossed the country, reaching Long Island.

Arthur Sedlacek, III Aerosol Processes Group leader at Brookhaven National Laboratory

“Our instruments are picking up evidence detecting California wildfires already,” said Arthur Sedlacek, III, Aerosol Processes Group leader in the Environmental & Climate Sciences Department at Brookhaven National Laboratory. “What’s happening 3,000 miles away can impact us” just like the fires in Quebec did.

The amount and concentration of particles on Long Island from these particles doesn’t present a health risk to many people in the population.

“For those who are sensitive to inhalation irritation, it opens up the possibility” of developing breathing difficulties or adding particles that could irritate their lungs, Sedlacek continued.

To be sure, the majority of people on Long Island and the east coast may not react to levels of particulates that are considerably lower than for residents of Los Angeles and the surrounding areas.

Local doctors suggested that these particles can trigger a range of health problems for those who are closer to the flames and smoke.

“The general rule is the larger the exposure, the greater the effect,” said Dr. Norman Edelman, a  pulmonologist at Stony Brook Medicine. 

Researchers have shown that the exposure doesn’t have to be especially high to affect health.

‘We more we look, the more we see that lower and lower doses will have negative effects,” said Edelman.

If and when particulates build in the air where patients with lung challenges live, pulmonologists urge residents to take several steps to protect themselves.

First, they can adjust their medication to respond to a greater health threat.

In addition, they can wear a particle mask, which is not an ordinary surgical mask.

Over time, continued exposure to particulates through pollution, wildfires or other emissions may have a cumulative health effect.

Dr. Norman Edelman. Photo courtesy of SBU

In the South Bronx, about 40 percent of children have asthma, compared with closer to 10 percent for the rest of the country. While genetics may contribute to that level, “we believe it’s because they are exposed to intense, continuous air pollution from motor vehicle traffic,” said Edelman, as cars and trucks on the Cross Bronx Expressway pollute the air in nearby neighborhoods.

The cumulative effect on people with existing disease is more pronounced.

Even when exposure and a lung reaction end, people “don’t quite come back to where [they] started,” said Edelman. “They lose a little bit of lung function.”

Particulates not only can cause damage for people who have chronic lung issues, like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but can also cause problems for people who have other medical challenges.

“We do know that this kind of pollution generates heart attacks in people with heart disease,” said Edelman. “That’s relatively new knowledge.”

A heating cycle

The ongoing fires, which started on Jan. 7 and were exacerbated by the Santa Ana winds of 70 miles per hour, have been consuming everything in their path, throwing a range of particles into the air.

These can include organic particles, black particles, which is akin to something that comes out of the tailpipe of a school bus and all sorts of particles in between, Sedlacek said.

These particles can form condensation nuclei for clouds and water droplets and they can absorb solar radiation and light.

Heating the upper troposphere with particles that absorb radiation alters the typical convention dynamic, in which hot air usually rises and cool air sinks

These changes in convection, which can occur with each of these major wildfires, can affect local air currents and even, in the longer term, broader air circulation patterns.

Sedlacek suggested that some areas in California and in the west may have reduced the use of controlled burns, in part because of the potential for those fires to blaze out of control.

“With the absence of range management and controlled burns to clear out the understory, you don’t have those natural fire breaks that would otherwise exist,” said Sedlacek. “In my opinion, you have to do controlled burns.”

Wildfires, Sedlacek added, are a “natural part of the ecosystem,” returning nutrients that might otherwise be inaccessible to the soil.

Without wildfires or controlled burns, areas can have a build up of understory that grows over the course of decades and that are potentially more dangerous amid a warming planet caused by climate change.

Indeed, recent reports from the Copernicus Climate Change Service indicate that 2024 was the hottest year on record, with temperatures reaching 1.6 degrees Celsius above the average in pre-industrial revolution levels. The Paris Climate Accord aimed to keep the increase from the late 19th century to well below 2 degrees, with an emphasis on a 1.5 degree limit.

The fires themselves have become a part of the climate change cycle, contributing particulates and greenhouse gases to processes that have made each of these events that much worse.

“These fires generate greenhouse gases and aerosol particles in the atmosphere that can then further increase or contribute to a warming of the globe,” said Sedlacek. “We have this positive feedback loop.”

In the climate change community, researchers discuss feedback, which can be positive, pushing an event or trend further in the same direction, or negative, which alters a process.

Sedlacek likens this to driving in a car that’s heading to the right towards the shoulder. In negative feedback, a driver steers the car in the other direction while positive feedback pushes the car further from the road.

Wildfires, which contribute and exacerbate global warming, can push the car towards a ditch, Sedlacek said.

Some scientists have urged efforts to engage in geoengineering, in which researchers propose blocking the sun, which would cause negative feedback.

“That might be a great idea on paper, but I don’t know if you want to play chemistry on a global scale,” said Sedlacek. Considering efforts to reduce solar radiation has merit, he suggested, but requires a closer analysis under controlled circumstances to understand it.

“I sincerely hope that the powers that be will appreciate the importance of what we do to understand” these processes, Sedlacek said. Understanding the models researchers have created can inform decisions.

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From left, Iwao Ojima, Ashna Garg and Maurizio Del Poeta. Photo by Kathryn Takemura

By Daniel Dunaief

It worked for mice and now, several years later, has shown promise for cats.

Researchers from Maurizio Del Poeta’s lab, working closely with those from Iwao Ojima’s team at Stony Brook University, have demonstrated that an experimental treatment against a fungus resistant to the current standard of care can work with cats battling a ferocious infection, albeit on a small sample size.

The Stony Brook team, along with scientists and veterinarians in Brazil, used a drug they created in 2018 called D13 to treat 10 cats with severe forms of a fungus that affects cats and humans called sporotrichosis.

With this treatment, which the researchers introduced as a powder into the cat’s food, half of the 10 felines whose skin was under insidious attack from the fungus staged remarkable recoveries, offering a potentially promising development that could one day also offer an alternative care for cats and for people.

“The prevalence in South America is 25 to 20 cases per 100,000 people, which is not low,” explained Del Poeta, Distinguished Professor of Microbiology and Immunology. “It affects mostly immunocompromised people and particularly people who have cats or people taking care of infected cats.”

Tis cat presented no improvement of the tumor-like lesion and of an ulcerated lesion on the nasal region upon treatment with ITC. After adding D13, the cat significantly improved, even though clinical cure was not achieved after 4 weeks of treatment with ITC and D13 combination.

Typically, people get superficial infections, but a person who is severely immunocompromised could have an infection that spreads and becomes fatal.

The work taps into the expertise of Ojima, a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Chemistry. Ojima worked on the structure elucidation, the structure activity relationship and development of efficient synthetic methods for large scale synthesis of the drug.

Recent Stony Brook PhD graduate Ashna Garg contributed to this ongoing effort.

Ojima described the work as “solidly encouraging” and added that the scientists have “even better compounds in the same series for human use” that are more potent and more selective to fungi compared to humans which makes systemic toxicity “very low.”

Del Poeta’s lab has been studying sphingolipids metabolism and signaling in fungal and mammals cells to identify new markers for early diagnosis and microbial enzymes/ molecules essential to cause infections in the attempt to develop new antifungal targets.

To be sure, in the cat research, five out of the 10 cats didn’t complete the study. One of them died, although the cause of death was unknown, and four of the other cats abandoned the study.

Additionally, one of the cats for whom the drug worked showed an elevated level of a liver enzyme, which returned to normal within weeks of the conclusion of the study.

Still, the results were promising and provided encouraging improvements for cats battling an infection that threatened their health.

“I am very pleased with the efficacy of D13 on cats in Brazil,” explained Ojima, adding that it is “a compelling result.”

Additionally, in other preliminary studies, D13 works against various fungal infections, including cryptococcosis, aspergillosis and candidiasis. A new derivative of D13 is more effective for those other infections, the scientists said.

Del Poeta explained that the scientists chose to do the research in Brazil because of the prevalence of sporotrichosis in the area and because he had established collaborations in the country in earlier research.

‘Proud and grateful’

For her part, Garg was thrilled to contribute to research that provided a remedy to a deteriorating condition in an animal some of her friends own as pets.

Cat owners often reacted emotionally when she told them about her work, appreciating the significance of the results.

“I am deeply proud and grateful to have contributed to this work,” said Garg. “Its remarkable effectiveness continues to inspire and motivate me.”

A significant part of her PhD revolved around taking the initial lead compounds and developing second and third generation compounds to enhance their effectiveness and bioavailability.

With three bromine atoms, D13 is an unusual therapeutic treatment.

Bromine is “relatively rare among the top 200 pharmaceuticals,” Garg explained. “Bromine can be toxic or can act as an irritant. Part of my work involved exploring ways to reduce the bromine content” to make the treatment more viable in drug development. The scientists are working to understand why and how this treatment works.

“The exact mechanism of action of D13 is not fully understood yet but we are getting very close,” Garg explained.

With the third generation of D13, the team identified compounds that are highly fungal specific with broad spectrum activity, effectively eradicating 100 percent of the three malignant type of fungi.

“It’s important to note that some first and second generation compounds also demonstrated excellent antifungal activity at very low drug concentrations, even if they did not achieve complete eradication on one of the three fungal strains,” Garg added.

While promising, this study does not indicate a new human treatment will be on the market in the short term.

The scientists are doing toxicology studies and hope a new therapeutic option might be available as soon as five years, Del Poeta estimated.

From Delhi to Stony Brook

Garg, who defended her thesis in December, grew up in Delhi, India, where she pursued her undergraduate studies in Chemistry at Delhi University.

After that, she earned her Master’s in Chemistry at Vellore Institute of Technology in Tamil Nadu, India.

Garg arrived at Stony Brook in 2019 and joined Ojima’s lab in early 2020, just at the start of the pandemic.

“It was indeed a challenging time to start a new position,” Garg acknowledged.

Currently a resident of Poquott, Garg enjoys living on Long Island, where she visits beaches, drives around the area and cooks.

Garg, who attended meetings in the labs of both Professors Ojima and Del Poeta, is grateful for the support of these senior scientists, who were also part of her thesis committee.

Del Poeta described Garg as a “dedicated scientist” with an “impeccable” work ethic.

“Drug synthesis can be very challenging,” Del Poeta described. “She is tirelessly resilient.”

Garg is staying at Stony Brook for another year as a post-doctoral researcher.

Del Poeta is pleased with the productive collaboration he’s had with Ojima, whom he described as “passionate, intellectually stimulating, dedicating, inspiring and hard working.”

If Del Poeta sends an email on Saturday night, Ojima typically replies by Sunday morning.

“It is an honor to collaborate with him,” Del Poeta explained. Ojima’s work “makes these impressive results possible.”

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President Joe Biden walks to the Oval Office with President-elect Donald Trump, Wednesday, November 13, 2024. (Official White House Photo by Adam Schultz) Wikimedia Commons Public Domain

By Daniel Dunaief

Daniel Dunaief

Here we are, teetering on the precipice of the transition from Joseph Biden back to Donald Trump at the White House.

What better time than now to ponder some random facts, such as birth order, about the presidency? I used a Potus Presidential Facts website that included siblings and half-siblings for the first part of this column and a host of other websites, including Wikipedia for the second part.

For starters, none of the men (it’s a men’s only club so far) who were the commander in chief were only children. Three presidents, meanwhile, had only one sibling. That list includes Calvin Coolidge, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Ronald Reagan.

Now, I figured that more presidents were first children than subsequent children, in part because first children often rule the roost, as primogeniture would suggest. But I was wrong.

Yes, first children are well represented, as 11 presidents were the oldest in their families.

First born children who would go on to become president started with John Adams and James Madison and included Lyndon Baines Johnson, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, George W. Bush (43) and the soon-to be ex-president Joseph Biden, among others.

Second children, however, constituted the greatest number of presidents. After a lifetime of being described as number two, I now realize what a compliment such a designation is, at least in terms of presidential history, where number two is number one.

Starting with James Monroe, that list includes such luminaries as Abraham Lincoln, Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry Truman, John F. Kennedy and, well, Richard Nixon. Okay, so, Nixon didn’t exactly cover himself in glory, resigning in disgrace after the Watergate Scandal, but he doesn’t bring all second children down.

First and second children constitute 56 percent of the presidents.

Going to the presidents who had numerous older siblings, the three presidents who were born seventh all shared the same first name: William. The seventh born commanders in chief were William Henry Harrison, William McKinley and William Howard Taft. If history is any guide, that means a seventh born William, assuming somehow your parents didn’t choose the name for any of your older siblings, has a path to the presidency.

Four presidents were born sixth, starting with George Washington. Joining the first president in the number six club are Martin Van Buren, John Tyler and Franklin Pierce.

The fifth born list only has three entrants: James Garfield, Chester A. Arthur and Grover Cleveland, who shares the distinction of being the only president elected in two non-consecutive terms with Trump.

Fourth born presidents also have three members, starting with Zachary Taylor, continuing with Rutherford B. Hayes and going to Trump.

And, finally, seven presidents were born third in their families. The list started with Thomas Jefferson and included Andrew Jackson, Andrew Johnson, Woodrow Wilson, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Bill Clinton and Barack Obama.

Now, seven presidents were the youngest child, including Herbert Hoover, Ronald Reagan, Andrew Jackson, Andrew Johnson, Rutherford B. Hayes, James A. Garfield and William Henry Harrison.

On average, presidents had a little over five siblings. Biden had three siblings and Trump had four, making him the penultimate child.

James Madison, who served as the fourth president, had the most siblings, at 11.

While similar lists for first ladies are harder to find (at least for me), I did find some interesting factoids about a few first ladies.

During the war of 1812, Dolley Madison, whose first name originally had an “e” then didn’t in historical records and then did again as of 1958, rescued artifacts from the White House before the British burned it down. Frances Cleveland, meanwhile, was the youngest first lady and the only one who got married in the White House. At 21, she wed 49-year old Grover Cleveland.

Helen Taft was the first to ride with her husband in the inaugural parade and the first to ensure staff were treated equally in the White House. She planted the first of 3,000 cherry trees Tokyo had sent as a gift, helping to establish cherry trees as a staple along the Potomac river.

As for pets, Trump, James K. Polk and Andrew Johnson were the only White House occupants who didn’t have pets, according to Wikipedia. I’m guessing that some of the Secret Service members bitten by Biden’s dog Commander would have preferred that the incumbent didn’t own a canine.

Teddy Roosevelt had numerous pets when he was president, including snakes, dogs, cats, a badger, birds, and guinea pigs.

Numerous presidents received larger animals that they sent elsewhere. Eisenhower, for example, received a baby Forest Elephant from the French Community of African Republics that he shipped to the National Zoo.

 

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Kevin Gardner Photo by Elise Sullivan

By Daniel Dunaief

Kevin Gardner has ambitious research goals. 

The Vice President for Research at Stony Brook University, who started working on Long Island on the same day as interim President Richard McCormick, is encouraging researchers to pursue interdisciplinary grants.

“We have a very robust office of proposal development,” said Gardner in an interview from Washington, DC when he was meeting on Capitol Hill with the New York delegation prior to the holidays. “Our strategy is to focus on growing larger grants.”

With a team prepared to help faculty across the university, Gardner hopes to drive innovation and discovery while building the university’s research budget.

The total funds from the top 1.6 percent of grants at the university account for 23 percent of the university’s research expenditures, which means that winning additional awards in this top tier could have a material effect on the funds that enable research.

The team that works with Gardner does considerable administrative work, reducing the burden for scientists focused on directing and overseeing research. Stony Brook also provides project management support.

Faculty members “can’t write these giant grants without that kind of support,” Gardner said. Stony Brook wants to get to that rarefied air where universities receive large, ambitious funds for comprehensive interdisciplinary work.

Going after these larger grants predates Gardner’s arrival.

“This is something that has been in the making for a couple of years,” said Gardner. He has seen an uptick in applications for these kinds of projects.

Stony Brook started research town halls this fall, with the first describing and encouraging collaborations between the east and west campuses.

Gardner has renamed his office the Office for Research and Innovation.

“This was done to more formally combine the offices of the Vice President for Research and Economic Development,” he explained. “Innovation speaks to new technologies, new approaches, and we have important roles in helping Long Island businesses innovate and continue to be successful. This is true for startups but equally true for manufacturing companies (through our Manufacturing Extension Program) and through our Small Business Development Center, among others!”

Enhancing an entrepreneurial culture

Hannah Estes

At the same time, the university is building and expanding efforts to encourage entrepreneurial initiatives among students and faculty.

Stony Brook recently hired Hannah Estes to become Director of Student Innovation.

Estes, who previously worked with Gardner at the University of Louisville, officially started at Stony Brook on January 6th.

She is focused on the entire school, as she hopes to help encourage students from a range of disciplines pursue various business ideas.

“Entrepreneurship can be found in any school or department,” said Estes, as she has seen new ideas originate in schools of social work, music and education.

She wants students to recognize problems and find ways to solve them. 

Estes plans to reach out to students through newsletters and social media and hopes to spend her first semester at Stony Brook listening to students and getting a sense of their interests and ideas.

In her work at the University of Louisville, she partnered with art school students who were able to get credit and helped coordinate financial aid to get them paid $20 per hour.

“It works and students are able to get away from their desks and get into the community,” Estes said.

As for local students on Long Island who are not members of the Seawolf community, Estes suggested the doors would be open to supporting with them as well.

Working with area high school students can create momentum that can develop into an interest in their business ideas and in joining Stony Brook.

As with the bigger university projects among faculty, the student efforts will also focus on interdisciplinary teams.

“The whole concept is to get out of your bubble and hear new perspectives,” said Estes. “It’s important for students to know that there are different ways of thinking.”

Gardner hopes the student-driven ideas can help engage a culture change among faculty as well.

“It is my sense that students are effective agents of change on a university campus,” Gardner explained. “And beyond that, these types of experiences are incredibly valuable for students during their education. “

In July, Stony Brook hired Dr. Michael Kinch as the inaugural Chief Innovation Officer, who is part of the university’s council and reports to Gardner.

At the same time, Andrew Wooten, the Executive Director of Long Island High Tech Incubator, has been taking inventions and ideas through a proof of concept to launch new companies. Wooten reports to the board of LIHTI.

Computing initiatives

In addition, Stony Brook has started an initiative to create an enclave for a computing environment that provides controlled unclassified information computing.

Such computing power, which is on the road towards classified work, is necessary to apply for funding from the Department of Defense and other agencies.

This effort requires a greater level of security and compliance.

As for high performance computing, the university does not have the level of capacity that the research community needs.

“High performance computing is a challenge at most campuses, particularly now keeping up with needs for AI-related computing,” Gardner explained. Stony Brook has a “very significant level of AI expertise,” which makes keeping up with their computational needs challenging.

Research and Development Park

Stony Brook is looking at how they can make the Research and Development Park an even greater asset to the university and the community.

“Everything we do serves our mission, so we need to make sure our neighbors in [Stony Brook] and our partners across the state share in a vision for how that R&D park can change and serve our mission and our community even better,” Gardner said.

He is energized by the opportunity to work at Stony Brook, where he feels that he has the ongoing support of colleagues who are working well together. As for his visit to Capitol Hill, Gardner travels to meet with the delegation and federal agencies around once a month.

“We want to make sure not just that they are advocates for us (which they most certainly are), but also to make sure we know what we can do for them,” he said. Stony Brook needs to “make sure that we are good partners for them.”

Echoing recent comments from Interim President Richard McCormick, Gardner recognizes the need to add more wastewater treatment to meet the university’s goals for expansion.

The university, which has seen state, national and international interest climb among students as Stony Brook rises in the rankings of universities and attracts major funding, is limited by several factors, including available wastewater facilities.

The university can’t bring in additional students because they don’t have the housing for them and “we can’t have the housing without the wastewater capacity,” Gardner said. “As an environmental engineer, I get it.”

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