Yearly Archives: 2024

Patrick Meade. Photo by John Griffin/Stony Brook University

Stony Brook University’s Patrick Meade, professor in the C.N. Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), was recently elected to a fellowship with the American Physical Society (APS).

Meade was elected for his pioneering research and leadership in particle theory and phenomenology, including signatures of gauge-mediated supersymmetry, top partners, long-lived particles, Higgs sectors, phase transitions of the early universe, and the science capabilities of proposed facilities.

“I’m honored to have my contributions recognized by my peers in the APS,” Meade said, who is also a professor in the College of Arts and Sciences Department of Physics and Astronomy. “And to join so many of my excellent colleagues in Physics at Stony Brook who have previously been selected as fellows.”

The APS Fellowship recognizes members for their outstanding efforts to advance physics. No more than one half of one percent of the Society’s membership are elected each year. Fellows must be a member of the APS in good standing.

“We’re delighted to learn that Patrick Meade has been named an APS Fellow,” said George Sterman, director of the C.N. Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics and distinguished professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy. “Patrick’s important contributions address questions like the nature of dark matter, how elementary particles get their masses, and how the early universe evolved. Internationally, he is a recognized leader in preparations for the next major accelerator facility. At Stony Brook, Patrick is a valued colleague, and a highly effective teacher and mentor.”

Meade joined the YITP at Stony Brook University in 2009. He earned his PhD in Theoretical Physics from Cornell University and participated as a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University and the Institute for Advanced Study.

Stock photo

By A. Craig Purcell, Esq.

A. Craig Purcell, Esq.

The era of self-driving vehicles is now upon us. Presently fourteen states have passed legislation or issued executive orders permitting the testing and operation of autonomous vehicles either with or without human drivers. These states have differing levels of regulations, but they generally allow for testing, and in some cases, full deployment of automated driving systems. For illustration, we have included a chart below.

As self-driving vehicles shift from science fiction to reality, the implications for traffic laws are profound. For lawyers and drivers alike, understanding these changes isn’t just academic; it’s becoming essential. For example: who’s at fault when a driverless vehicle in involved in an accident? How do we enforce traffic laws on vehicles that don’t make mistakes? And what does all this mean for insurance coverage? 

Who’s responsible when no one’s driving?

Imagine this: a fully autonomous vehicle (AV) gets into a fender-bender. The “driver” was reading a book, and the car was doing all the work. Who’s at fault? 

Traditionally, liability falls on the driver, but when a car is self-driving, things get murky. Are we looking at a case of product liability, where the car manufacturer could be responsible, or does the blame shift to the software developers if the problem was a coding error? Or is it ultimately still the driver’s fault?

This isn’t just a thought experiment. As cars become more automated, courts will have to decide whether traditional concepts of liability apply. Shifting responsibility from drivers to manufacturers could have far-reaching effects. Car companies might find themselves more frequently in court, and we could see new standards for vehicle safety and software updates. 

Enforcing traffic laws in a driverless world

One of the selling points of AVs is that they should, in theory, eliminate human error. No more speeding or running red lights — just safe, compliant driving. But what happens when autonomous and human-driven cars share the road? The mixture in driving behavior could lead to unexpected problems.

Take, for example, a four-way stop. An autonomous vehicle is programmed to wait its turn, but what if human drivers—often more aggressive and impatient—don’t follow the rules? Who gets the ticket if there’s a collision? And how will traffic police adapt when the ‘drivers’ in these cars aren’t driving at all? The answer could lie in automated reporting, where AVs log and transmit data directly to authorities. But this raises privacy concerns and brings a whole new meaning to the term “big brother is watching.”

Changes in insurance and driver responsibility

If you’re sitting at the wheel of an AV, are you still considered a driver? This question could redefine driver responsibility. Currently, drivers are expected to stay alert, even in vehicles with high levels of automation. But as technology advances, that role could diminish. We might see the legal definition of a driver evolve, impacting everything from traffic tickets to DUI laws.

And what about automobile insurance? Today’s policies focus on human drivers—their history and behavior. But if the car, bus, or truck is driving, does your spotless record even matter? We could see a shift to policies that are more like product insurance, focusing on the vehicle and its technology rather than the person behind the (sometimes non-existent) wheel. Insurance could become bundled with the car’s cost, or we might see new types of policies that blend traditional auto insurance with product liability coverage.

Preparing for the future

Regulators are already taking steps to prepare for this brave new world. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) is working to develop guidelines. While states like California have begun to draft specific rules for AV testing and deployment. New York likely won’t be far behind. 

Autonomous vehicles promise to revolutionize transportation, but they also present a host of practical questions.

A. Craig Purcell, Esq. is a partner at the law firm of Glynn Mercep Purcell and Morrison LLP in Setauket and is a former President of the Suffolk County Bar Association and Vice President of the New York State Bar Association.

Pixabay photo

With elections just around the corner, early autumn can feel like an overwhelming time.

Candidates on the national, state and local levels spew their promises, which we never actually know are genuine, and insult each other’s characters, instead of answering direct questions.

Many people have simply taken themselves out of the race, both literally and figuratively, refusing to vote, or partake in the democratic process at all anymore, after years of disillusionment.

But this election cycle, TBR implores you to hang in there.

Put community above party, and hear all of November’s nominees out. It doesn’t hurt to give them a fair shake.

Who knows? Maybe you will be surprised by something you hear, and be influenced to alter your view on an issue.

It is so incredibly appealing to jump on either party’s bandwagon, and be swept up with ad hominem attacks, sweeping generalizations and just plain-old lies. It would be a lie to say that it isn’t easier to be moved by primal emotion, than a calm, step back.

But listen. Listen to the candidates. Listen to your friends. Listen to your neighbors. Get your finger on the pulse of what your community needs, and make a choice based on that. Not preconceived notions, or one-sided vitriol. There is a reason that the saying, “go with your gut,” has survived for centuries.

With all this in mind, on Oct. 31st, we will be releasing our paper’s election supplement, in which we will share interviews with all candidates running for office, within our six coverage areas. We hope that through this process, we will aid you in your judgment process of each nominee, as we will be providing you a non-partisan, unedited look at each person’s responses, to a variety of questions, ranging from policy promises, to past actions.

In short, the way that our interviewing process works is that the two nominees, for each available seat, will come into our Setauket offices together, in which they will then answer each identical question, one after the other, and be able to participate in a type of mock debate, where ideas will be exchanged and dissected.

We hope that you will pick up a copy of one of our papers, or read online at www.tbrnewsmedia.com, for the week of Oct. 31, and use us as a tool that will help you regain a little bit of faith in the press, politics and humanity.

Dr. Jose Galeas

New York Cancer & Blood Specialists (NYCBS) has announced the addition of board-certified Hematologist and Medical Oncologist Jose Galeas, MD. Dr. Galeas will see patients at 1500 Route 112, Building 1, Port Jefferson Station and 501 Hawkins Avenue, Lake Ronkonkoma.

“We are happy to announce that Dr. Galeas will be joining our team of physicians,” said Jeff Vacirca, MD, CEO of NYCBS. “Dr. Galeas shares our dedication to advancing patient care with a particular emphasis on cancer treatment and quality improvement. Welcome aboard, Dr. Galeas.”

Dr. Galeas’s focus on improving both the delivery of care and patient outcomes will be central to his work at NYCBS. He believes the organization’s commitment to incorporating cutting-edge cancer treatments and maintaining strong patient relationships aligns perfectly with his own vision for quality cancer care.

“I am particularly excited about practicing at NYCBS because it allows me to continue making meaningful contributions in a dynamic, patient-centered environment. I look forward to participating in clinical trials, advancing personalized medicine, and continuing my efforts in quality improvement projects,” said Dr. Galeas.

Dr. Galeas earned his medical degree from Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras Facultad de Ciencias Médicas and further honed his expertise during his residency and fellowship at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York. Dr. Galeas is fluent in both English and Spanish.

To schedule an appointment with Dr. Galeas, please call 631-751-3000. For more information, visit nycancer.com.

Ward Melville High School. File photo by Greg Catalano

By Mallie Jane Kim

Three Village Central School District officials shared the latest details in their plan to move ninth grade out of the junior high schools to create a four-year program at Ward Melville starting in the 2025-26 school year, in line with state and national norms.

The presentation at a Sept. 25 board meeting comes after more than two years of discussions over restructuring the district and after more than a year of planning.

“Everyone’s been putting their heads together to make this the best possible transition that it can be,” said Brian Biscari, assistant superintendent for educational services, who also touted the change as providing ninth graders access to additional courses outside the core academic subjects. “The ninth graders moving up to the high school are going to have more options for electives as well as activities they can participate in.” 

The district also plans to move sixth grade from the elementary schools to the junior high schools, though an update on those plans will be forthcoming at a future board meeting.

In the presentation to the board, Ward Melville Principal John Holownia laid out some specifics: Core curriculum will remain the same for ninth graders, but electives will expand significantly. Currently the junior high schools offer nine half-year electives and eight full-year electives to ninth graders. Those numbers will jump to 29 and 13, respectively, with some of those electives reserved for ninth grade only.

“We’ll make sure that we have places to go to match their interests,” Holownia said, adding that electives will be contingent on budget and student interest, as is currently the process at the high school. “It’s not a guarantee that we run all of these classes year over year.”

Swimming as a part of physical education will continue to start in 10th grade, and there will be no change in course availability for grades 10-12, outside of the usual course review process.

Ward Melville staff plans to double transition supports and events, like hosting two separate orientation nights and new student walkthroughs.

Not everyone is thrilled about the upcoming changes. Some area parents have expressed on social media and in conversations around the district that the process has felt opaque. As recently as the public start-time forums, some expressed they did not even know the change had already been decided.

“It feels rushed,” wrote district parent Joanna Zalewski in an email read aloud during the public comment section of the board meeting. “We still lack information on crucial aspects such as building utilization, how the high school will handle the increased student population, and what specific academic or social benefits this change is supposed to bring.”

Zalewski said alignment with norms is not a compelling reason and called for delaying the move. “There is no state mandate requiring this change,” she wrote. “Nor is there one from the community.”

Superintendent of Schools Kevin Scanlon has long relied on the outcome of a 2023 survey as his guide for spearheading this change. The survey, which had more than 6,000 responses from among parents, staff, students and the broader community, indicated the majority of each stakeholder group preferred to move up sixth and ninth grades.

“This is going to create some tremendous opportunities for our students,” Scanlon said at the meeting. “This is going to put them on more of a par with their peers in other districts that they are competing with for positions, eventually, in colleges or the workforce.”

Flood damage to Nassakeag

More than a month after the “once-in-a-century” Aug. 19 storm, the district is still working on rehabilitating damage to Nassakeag Elementary School and finding ways to prevent future issues.

The school building itself sits lower than its surrounding land, and a loading dock essentially funneled more than 160,000 gallons of water straight into the boiler room, according to Interim Deputy Superintendent Jeffrey Carlson’s presentation at the board meeting. 

Electrical panels and boiler controls were all submerged, and the auditorium as well as some classrooms had flooding.

“It was awful,” said Carlson, who praised the team of people who spent hours working to get the building ready for the start of the school year on Sept. 2. “We had industrial-sized dehumidifiers throughout the building for days and days, and a whole brigade of mop buckets. It was a mess.”

Initial estimates indicated the building would need a month of cleanup before it was fit for students, but district staff — who were honored with certificates at the start of the board meeting — worked overtime.

“If it wasn’t for the efforts of all these folks, we would not have had the building up and running in about a week and a half,” Scanlon said. “So we were able to open on time.”

The district plans to replace boiler controls “in the not-too-distant future” and to install watertight flood doors to prevent future water damage, leveraging state building aid and a FEMA claim to pay for it, according to Carlson. 

One lingering mystery, possibly related to August’s flooding, was the failure of the concrete slab under two Nassakeag classrooms. School staff recently discovered the floor in those rooms had dropped down slightly. 

District staff dug next to the foundations and discovered a void in that area. Carlson, who assured the board the issue was not structural and did not impact the walls or the ceiling, put forward several theories of how such a void could have formed under the 60-year-old school: Perhaps the building was built over felled trees, which rotted, or dirt washed away in an underground flow. Maybe the original builders didn’t compact the dirt enough, or the unusual April 5 earthquake with a light aftershock shifted the ground.

“We’re investigating,” Carlson said. “Hopefully we’ll be able to figure out exactly what caused that so we can prevent it from happening again, and see if there was anywhere else where this is maybe looming.”

In the meantime, students have been moved to alternate classrooms, and architects are working on a way to restore the concrete slab to make those rooms usable again.

Linda Devin-Sheehan, who works with the League of Women Voters, in front of one of the event’s tents. Photo by Gabby Daniels

By Gabby Daniels

As the 2024 presidential election approaches, Stony Brook University’s Center for Civic Justice wants to ensure that the student body is prepared to exercise its rights. 

The event held on Sept. 17, which is National Voter Registration Day, outside of Stony Brook’s Student Activities Center, students eagerly gathered in the plaza to be able to check their voter registration status, register if they have not already done so and learn more about important deadlines. 

With its first celebration in 2012, National Voter Registration Day is a nonpartisan civic holiday dedicated to celebrating the democracy of America. It helps people register to vote and educates communities on the topics at hand, as well as the current office members. Since its inception, more than 5 million Americans have registered.

“As I was walking back from class today, I saw that they were doing voter registration, and I said, ‘Oh, I should do it, too,’” said freshman Olivia Formicola.

“Having it on campus made it so much easier… I feel like I probably would not have done it if it was not here.” 

Evelyn Murphy, a student intern with the Center for Civic Justice, was thrilled with how the event was going. “We have had a great turnout today,” Murphy stated.

“So many people who I talked to today said they would not have registered if it was not convenient for them.” 

Murphy said the center wanted to ensure students had fun during the event as well.

“We do not just want people to register, but we want to make sure that they actually go out and vote on election day,” Murphy explained.

“We made sure that we added some silly things like ‘What fictional character would you vote for if they ran for president?’ and gave out stickers that say ‘Seawolves Vote,’ to take the pressure off and make people want to be here.” 

From an organizer’s standpoint, the whole point of the event was to get more students and young people to vote.

Linda Devin-Sheehan of the Suffolk County League of Women Voters partnered with the Center for Civic Justice to host the event. “The reason I am here is to get students registered,” Devin-Sheehan stated.

“We must fight for our democracy, and it starts with the younger generation.” 

Gabby Daniels is a reporter with The SBU Media Group, part of Stony Brook University’s School of Communication and Journalism’s Working Newsroom program for students and local media.

Ellen Pikitch, PhD, with the Explorers Club flag. Photo by Taylor Griffith

Ellen K. Pikitch, PhD, a long-time professor in the Stony Brook University School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences (SoMAS), was recently awarded the Lowell Thomas Award for her accomplishments in field science and communication.

Presented by The Explorers Club and named for broadcast journalist and explorer Lowell Thomas, this annual award is given thematically to a group of outstanding explorers to recognize excellence in domains or fields of exploration. Pikitch was nominated for this honor by explorer Sylvia Earle. Previous winners of the Lowell Thomas Award include such luminaries as Carl Sagan, Isaac Asimov, Kathy Sullivan, Sir Edmund Hillary, Kris Thompkins, and E.O. Wilson.

“Professor Pikitch has worked tirelessly for decades on ocean conservation issues,” said School of Marine and Atmospheric Studies Dean Paul Shepson. “How gratifying that her passion and dedication in service to the world’s oceans has been recognized with this prestigious award.”

Ellen Pikitch is an endowed professor of Ocean Conservation Science and executive director of the Institute for Ocean Conservation Science. Her research primarily focuses on ocean conservation science, with emphasis on marine protected areas (MPAs), fish conservation and fisheries sustainability, ecosystem-based fishery management, and endangered fishes.

Throughout her career, Pikitch has endeavored in research activities both nationally and internationally. For seven years, Pikitch served in various roles at the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS). During this time, she built a program to encompass field research operations in 18 countries spanning four ocean basins and spearheaded several successful ocean policy campaigns for the organization. Most recently, Pikitch served as lead investigator behind launching an eco-friendly, solar-powered, remote-controlled craft that gathers data on the species living underwater, called The DataXplorer™. Internationally, Pikitch has lent a hand in crafting public policy as Ocean Science Lead for the United Nations 10×20 Initiative and as Special Envoy to Palau. She is an active Fellow of the Explorers Club. Additionally, Pikitch is the recipient of several awards, including the Hope Spot Champion award, the Oscar E. Sette award, the Ocean Hero award, and several notable fellowships.

Founded in 1904, The Explorers Club is a multidisciplinary, professional society dedicated to the advancement of field research, scientific exploration and resource conservation. Headquartered in New York City with a community of chapters and members around the world, The Explorers Club has been supporting scientific expeditions of all disciplines, uniting our members in the bonds of good fellowship for more than a century.

 

 

Pixabay photo
Dietary changes can reduce inflammatory factors

By David Dunaief, M.D.

Dr. David Dunaief

The common thread for more than 80 different autoimmune diseases is that the body’s immune system is attacking organs, tissues and cells and causing chronic inflammation (1). Type 1 diabetes, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, multiple sclerosis, Crohn’s disease, and inflammatory bowel disease are among the list of frequently occurring ones. Unfortunately, autoimmune diseases tend to cluster (2). This means that once you have one, you are at high risk for developing others.

Immunosuppressive therapies

Immunosuppressive therapies are the most prevalent treatment for autoimmune issues. As the name suggests, these reduce underlying inflammation by suppressing the immune system and interfering with inflammatory factors.

There are several concerning factors with these treatments.

First, they have substantial side effect profiles. They increase the risks for cancers, opportunistic infections and even death (3). Opportunistic infections can include diseases like tuberculosis and invasive fungal infections.

It makes sense that suppressing the immune system would increase the likelihood of infections. It’s also not surprising that cancer rates would increase, since the immune system helps fend off malignancies. One study showed that after 10 years of therapy, the risk of cancer increased by approximately fourfold with the use of immunosuppressives (4).

Second, these drugs were tested and approved using short-term clinical trials; however, many patients are prescribed these therapies for 20 or more years.

What other possibilities are there to treat autoimmune diseases? Studies are underway that test the efficacy of medical nutrition therapy using bioactive compounds and supplementation. Medical nutrition therapy may have immunomodulatory (immune system regulation) effects on inflammatory factors and on gene expression.

Medical nutrition 

Raising the level of beta-cryptoxanthin, a carotenoid bioactive food component, by a modest amount has a substantial impact in preventing RA. Several studies have also tested dietary interventions in RA treatment (5). Included were fasting followed by a vegetarian diet; a vegan diet; and a Mediterranean diet, among others. All mentioned here showed decreases in inflammatory markers, including c-reactive protein (CRP), and improvements in joint pain and other quality of life issues.

What are the effects of fish oil?

Fish oil may help your immune system by reducing inflammation and improving your blood chemistry, affecting as many as 1,040 genes (6). In a randomized clinical study, 1.8 grams of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation had anti-inflammatory effects, suppressing cell signals and transcription factors (proteins involved with gene expression) that are pro-inflammatory.

In RA patients, fish oil helps suppress cartilage degradative enzymes, while also having an anti-inflammatory effect (7). A typical recommendation is to consume about 2 grams of EPA plus DHA to help regulate the immune system. Don’t take these high doses of fish oil without consulting your doctor, because fish oil can have blood-thinning effects.

Do probiotics help?

Approximately 70 percent of your immune system lives in your gut. Probiotics have immune-modulating effects that decrease inflammation by populating the gut with live beneficial microorganisms. Lactobacillus salvirus and Bifidobacterium longum infantis are two strains that have been shown to have positive effects (8, 9).

In a study with Crohn’s disease patients, L. casei and L. bulgaricus reduced the inflammatory factor TNF-alpha (10). To provide balance, I recommend probiotics with Lactobacillus to my patients, especially with autoimmune diseases that affect the intestines, like Crohn’s and ulcerative colitis.

Does increasing fiber help?

Fiber has been shown to modulate inflammation by reducing biomarkers, such as CRP. In two separate clinical trials, fiber either reduced or prevented high CRP in patients. In one randomized controlled trial, 30 grams, or about one ounce, of fiber daily from either dietary sources or supplements reduced CRP significantly compared to placebo (11).

In the second trial, which was observational, participants who consumed the highest amount of dietary fiber (greater than 19.5 grams) had reductions in a vast number of inflammatory factors, including CRP, interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and TNF-alpha (12).

Can diet reduce medication needs?

Immune system regulation is complex and involves over 1,000 genes, as well as many biomarkers. Bioactive compounds found in high-nutrient foods and supplements can have a profound impact on your immune system’s regulation and may help reset the immune system. Even in severe cases, bioactive compounds in foods may work in tandem with medications to treat autoimmune diseases more effectively and help reduce dosing of some immunosuppressives, minimizing potential side-effects.

This is not hypothetical. I have seen these effects in my practice, where patients have been able to reduce – or even eliminate – immunosuppressives by altering their diets.

References:

(1) niaid.nih.gov. (2) J Autoimmun. 2007;29(1):1. (3) epocrates.com. (4) J Rheumatol 1999;26(8):1705-1714. (5) Front Nutr. 2017; 4: 52. (6) Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Aug;90(2):415-424. (7) Drugs. 2003;63(9):845-853. (8) Gut. 2003 Jul;52(7):975-980. (9) Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1999 Jul-Nov;76(1-4):279-292. (10) Gut. 2002;51(5):659. (11) Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(5):502-506. (12) Nutr Metab (Lond). 2010 May 13;7:42.

Dr. David Dunaief is a speaker, author and local lifestyle medicine physician focusing on the integration of medicine, nutrition, fitness and stress management. For further information, visit www.medicalcompassmd.com or consult your personal physician.

Photo from Emma Clark Library

As part of The Great Give Back, a Suffolk Cooperative Library System initiative, Emma Clark Library, 120 Main St., Setauket will host a Pet Supplies Drive from Oct. 7 to Nov. 10. The library will be collecting new pet supplies (food, blankets, leashes, cleaning supplies, etc.) in the Library lobby to be donated to local organizations that help pets in need. All are welcome to donate (residents or non-residents) during Library hours. Questions? Email [email protected].

By Bill Landon

The Cougars of Centereach girls volleyball squad has won four out of six games to open their 2024 season, and in all of those four wins they have swept their opponent 3-0 in the best of five sets. 

The Cougars hosted Deer Park Saturday morning, Sept. 28, and made short work of their visitors, 25-17, 25-10 and 25-17, in the League III matchup for the fourth victory.

Outside hitter Chloe Arnaiz, a junior, led the way with 15 kills along with eight digs. Senior Meaghan Grieco notched eight kills and eight service aces, and Lexi DAttolico and Francesca Vera had four kills apiece.

Ashley Welch had 23 assists and Kayleigh Balsamo recorded 11.

— Photos by Bill Landon